Organelle Marker Plasmids-GFPSpark®/OFPSpark®-tagged Expression ORF Clones

Autophagosome

Autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes, it fuses with a lysosome and the contents are subjected to enzymatic digestion. It is a secondary lysosome in which elements of a cell's own cytoplasm are digested.The formation of autophagosomes is regulated by genes that are well-conserved from yeast to higher eukaryotes.

Centrosome

The centrosome is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center of the animal cell. Plant and animal cell centrosomes play similar roles in cell division, and both include collections of microtubules, but the plant cell centrosome is simpler and does not have centrioles. The centrosome has a key role in efficient mitosis in animal cells, it is not essential.

Cell membrane

The cell membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings.

Coated Pit

Regions of the cell membrane which are coated with bristle-like structures on their cytoplasmic surface and are involved in endocytosis. The coated pit is pinched off to form a coated vesicle, which is involved in intracellular vesicle transport between the cell's organelles.

Cytoskeleton

Cytoskeleton is a network of fibers composed of proteins contained within a cell's cytoplasm. It helps to maintain cell shape. It is important in cell motility. The internal movement of cell organelles, as well as cell locomotion and muscle fiber contraction could not take place without the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is an organized network of three primary protein filaments: microtubules, actin filaments (microfilaments), intermediate fibers.

Centrioles

Each centriole is a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. There are three microtubules in each group. Microtubules (and centrioles) are part of the cytoskeleton. In the complete animal cell centrosome, the two centrioles are arranged such that one is perpendicular to the other.

Centromeres

The centromere is most condensed and constricted region of a chromosome, to which the spindle fiber is attached during mitosis. During mitosis in a typical plant or animal cell, each chromosome divides longitudinally into two sister chromosomes that eventually separate and travel to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. At the beginning of mitosis, when the sister chromosomes have split but are still paired, every chromosome attaches to the spindle at a specific point along its length. That point is referred to as the centromere or spindle attachment region.

Endosomes

Endosome is a membrane bound compartment inside eukaryotic cells. It is a compartment of the endocytic membrane transport pathway from the plasma membrane to the lysosome. Endosomes represent a major sorting compartment of the endomembrane system in cells.

Gene	Description	Catalog No.	Shopping	Validated
RHOB	GFPSpark® fusion with RhoB N terminal	HG18007-ANG	In stock	Y
RHOB	OFPSpark® fusion with RhoB N terminal	HG18007-ANR	In stock	Y
RAB4A	OFPSpark® fusion with Rab4A C terminal	HG14610-ACR	In stock	Y
RAB4A	GFPSpark® fusion with Rab4A N terminal	HG14610-ANG	In stock	Y
RAB4A	OFPSpark® fusion with Rab4A N terminal	HG14610-ANR	In stock	Y
RAB5A	GFPSpark® fusion with Rab5A N terminal	HG14013-ANG	In stock	Y
RAB5A	OFPSpark® fusion with Rab5A N terminal	HG14013-ANR	In stock	Y
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Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle in the cells of eukaryotic organisms.It is a vast network of membrane-bound vesicles and tubules called the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER for short. It serves many general functions, including the folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.

Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It is actually a stack of membrane-bound vesicles that are important in packaging macromolecules for transport elsewhere in the cell. It is a major collection and dispatch station of protein products received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Proteins synthesized in the ER are packaged into vesicles, which then fuse with the Golgi apparatus. is also involved in lipid transport and lysosome formation.

Lysosomes

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion. They are common in animal cells, but rare in plant cells. lysosomes act as the waste disposal system of the cell by digesting unwanted materials in the cytoplasm, both from outside of the cell and obsolete components inside the cell.

Melanosome

A melanosome is an organelle found in animal cells, and is the cellular site of synthesis, storage and transport of melanin. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells. They are responsible for color and photoprotection in animal tissues.

Mitochondria

The mitochondrion is a membrane bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.Mitochondria provide the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce secretory products, contract - in short, they are the power centers of the cell. They are about the size of bacteria but may have different shapes depending on the cell type. The cristae greatly increase the inner membrane's surface area. They generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

The outer mitochondrial membrane, which encloses the entire organelle, has a protein-to-phospholipid ratio similar to the eukaryotic plasma membrane (about 1:1 by weight). It contains numerous integral proteins called porins, which contain a relatively large internal channel (about 2-3 nm) that is permeable to all molecules of 5000 daltons or less. Larger molecules can only traverse the outer membrane by active transport through mitochondrial membrane transport proteins. The outer membrane also contains enzymes involved in such diverse activities as the elongation of fatty acids, oxidation of epinephrine (adrenaline), and the degradation of tryptophan.

Microtubule

Microtubules are one of the components of the cytoskeleton, found throughout the cytoplasm. Microtubules serve as structural components within cells and are involved in many cellular processes including mitosis, cytokinesis, and vesicular transport.

Nucleolus

The prominent structure in the nucleus is the nucleolus. The nucleolus produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus and take positions on the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they are critical in protein synthesis.

Nucleus

The nucleus a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores. It contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes.

Nuclear Envelope

The double-layered membrane that envelopes the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. It is made up of two layers, each composed of a lipid bilayer. It is perforated with holes, called nuclear pores, to facilitate and regulate the exchange of materials (for example, proteins and RNA) between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In between these two membranes is a space called perinuclear space. The outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. The inner membrane is associated with a network of intermediate filaments called nuclear lamina, which is made of lamin. The lamina acts as a site of attachment for chromosomes. It also acts like a shield for the nucleus.

Peroxisome

Peroxisomes are organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They are membrane-bound packets of oxidative enzymes. In plant cells, peroxisomes play a variety of roles including converting fatty acids to sugar and assisting chloroplasts in photorespiration. In animal cells, peroxisomes protect the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide.