The protein's subcellular location is usually associated with its function, so it is important to determine the location of your protein. There are various ways to visualized subcellular structures. The most common method is use fluorescent protein to label specific structures. Sino Biological provides a collection of fluorescent fusion proteins that are targeted to various organelles or subcellular structures. The fluorescent fusion protein is introduced using a simple transfection step, after 48h, you can take the beautiful images directly by fluorescence microscopy.
GFPSpark® or OFPSpark® fluorescent colors for choice | Easy labeling of cell compartments and proteins |
Perfect for study of localization and trafficking | No antibody or chemical treatment required |
Autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes, it fuses with a lysosome and the contents are subjected to enzymatic digestion. It is a secondary lysosome in which elements of a cell's own cytoplasm are digested.The formation of autophagosomes is regulated by genes that are well-conserved from yeast to higher eukaryotes.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
ATG12/Apg12 | GFPSpark® fusion with ATG12 N terminal | HG11111-ANG | In stock | Y |
ATG12/Apg12 | OFPSpark® fusion with ATG12 N terminal | HG11111-ANR | In stock | Y |
LC3A/MAP1LC3A | GFPSpark® fusion with MAP1LC3A N terminal | HG14322-ANG | In stock | Y |
LC3A/MAP1LC3A | OFPSpark® fusion with MAP1LC3A C terminal | HG14322-ACR | In stock | Y |
LC3B/MAP1LC3B | GFPSpark® fusion with MAP1LC3B C terminal | HG14555-ACG | In stock | Y |
LC3B/MAP1LC3B | OFPSpark® fusion with MAP1LC3B N terminal | HG14555-ANR | In stock | Y |
ARHI/DIRAS3 | GFPSpark® fusion with DIRAS3 N terminal | HG14239-ANG | In stock | Y |
ARHI/DIRAS3 | OFPSpark® fusion with DIRAS3 N terminal | HG14239-ANR | In stock | Y |
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HG11111-ACG |
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HG11111-ACR |
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HG14322-ACR |
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HG14555-ACG |
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The centrosome is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center of the animal cell. Plant and animal cell centrosomes play similar roles in cell division, and both include collections of microtubules, but the plant cell centrosome is simpler and does not have centrioles. The centrosome has a key role in efficient mitosis in animal cells, it is not essential.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
PLK1/PLK-1 | GFPSpark® fusion with PLK1 N terminal | HG10676-ANG | In stock | Y |
PLK1/PLK-1 | OFPSpark® fusion with PLK1 N terminal | HG10676-ANR | In stock | Y |
PLK1/PLK-1 | OFPSpark® fusion with PLK1 C terminal | HG10676-ACR | In stock | Y |
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HG10676-ANG |
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HG10676-ANR |
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HG10676-ACR |
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The cell membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
GPA33 | GFPSpark® fusion with GPA33 C terminal | HG11277-ACG | In stock | Y |
GPA33 | OFPSpark® fusion with GPA33 C terminal | HG11277-ACR | In stock | Y |
LCK | GFPSpark® fusion with LCK C terminal | HG10043-ACG | In stock | Y |
LCK | OFPSpark® fusion with LCK C terminal | HG10043-ACR | In stock | Y |
BASP1 | GFPSpark® fusion with BASP1 N terminal | HG20771-ANG | In stock | Y |
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HG11277-ACG |
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HG11277-ACR |
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HG10043-ACG |
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HG20771-ANG |
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Regions of the cell membrane which are coated with bristle-like structures on their cytoplasmic surface and are involved in endocytosis. The coated pit is pinched off to form a coated vesicle, which is involved in intracellular vesicle transport between the cell's organelles.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
CLTB | GFPSpark® fusion with CLTB N terminal | HG20112-ANG | In stock | Y |
CLTB | OFPSpark® fusion with CLTB C terminal | HG20112-ANR | In stock | Y |
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HG20112-ANG |
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HG20112-ANR |
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Cytoskeleton is a network of fibers composed of proteins contained within a cell's cytoplasm. It helps to maintain cell shape. It is important in cell motility. The internal movement of cell organelles, as well as cell locomotion and muscle fiber contraction could not take place without the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is an organized network of three primary protein filaments: microtubules, actin filaments (microfilaments), intermediate fibers.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
beta Actin/ACTB | GFPSpark® fusion with ACTB N terminal | HG10962-ANG | In stock | Y |
beta Actin/ACTB | OFPSpark® fusion with ACTB N terminal | HG10962-ANR | In stock | Y |
MAPRE3/EB3 | GFPSpark® fusion with MAPRE3 C terminal | HG14614-ACG | In stock | Y |
MAPRE3/EB3 | OFPSpark® fusion with MAPRE3 C terminal | HG14614-ACR | In stock | Y |
PFN1/Profilin 1 | GFPSpark® fusion with PFN1 N terminal | HG14329-ANG | In stock | Y |
PFN1/Profilin 1 | OFPSpark® fusion with PFN1 N terminal | HG14329-ANR | In stock | Y |
TUBA1B | GFPSpark® fusion with TUBA1B N terminal | HG14070-ANG | In stock | Y |
TUBA1B | OFPSpark® fusion with TUBA1B N terminal | HG14070-ANR | In stock | Y |
MYOT | GFPSpark® fusion with MYOT N terminal | HG14469-ANG | In stock | Y |
MYOT | OFPSpark® fusion with MYOT N terminal | HG14469-ANR | In stock | Y |
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HG14614-ACG |
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HG10962-ANG |
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HG14070-ANG |
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HG14329-ANG |
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HG14329-ANR |
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HG14469-ANR |
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HG14469-ANG |
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HG14614-ACR |
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Each centriole is a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. There are three microtubules in each group. Microtubules (and centrioles) are part of the cytoskeleton. In the complete animal cell centrosome, the two centrioles are arranged such that one is perpendicular to the other.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
CETN2/Centrin 2 | GFPSpark® fusion with CETN2 C terminal | HG14983-ACG | In stock | Y |
CETN2/Centrin 2 | OFPSpark® fusion with CETN2 C terminal | HG14983-ACR | In stock | Y |
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HG14983-ACR |
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HG14983-ACG |
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The centromere is most condensed and constricted region of a chromosome, to which the spindle fiber is attached during mitosis. During mitosis in a typical plant or animal cell, each chromosome divides longitudinally into two sister chromosomes that eventually separate and travel to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. At the beginning of mitosis, when the sister chromosomes have split but are still paired, every chromosome attaches to the spindle at a specific point along its length. That point is referred to as the centromere or spindle attachment region.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
ERCC6L | GFPSpark® fusion with ERCC6L C terminal | HG21653-ACG | In stock | Y |
ERCC6L | OFPSpark® fusion with ERCC6L C terminal | HG21653-ACR | In stock | Y |
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Endosome is a membrane bound compartment inside eukaryotic cells. It is a compartment of the endocytic membrane transport pathway from the plasma membrane to the lysosome. Endosomes represent a major sorting compartment of the endomembrane system in cells.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
RHOB | GFPSpark® fusion with RhoB N terminal | HG18007-ANG | In stock | Y |
RHOB | OFPSpark® fusion with RhoB N terminal | HG18007-ANR | In stock | Y |
RAB4A | OFPSpark® fusion with Rab4A C terminal | HG14610-ACR | In stock | Y |
RAB4A | GFPSpark® fusion with Rab4A N terminal | HG14610-ANG | In stock | Y |
RAB4A | OFPSpark® fusion with Rab4A N terminal | HG14610-ANR | In stock | Y |
RAB5A | GFPSpark® fusion with Rab5A N terminal | HG14013-ANG | In stock | Y |
RAB5A | OFPSpark® fusion with Rab5A N terminal | HG14013-ANR | In stock | Y |
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HG14013-ANG |
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HG14013-ANR |
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HG14610-ACR |
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HG14610-ANG |
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HG14610-ANR |
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HG18007-ANG |
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HG18007-ANR |
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle in the cells of eukaryotic organisms.It is a vast network of membrane-bound vesicles and tubules called the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER for short. It serves many general functions, including the folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
SEC61B | GFPSpark® fusion with SEC61B C terminal | HG19849-ACG | In stock | Y |
SEC61B | OFPSpark® fusion with SEC61B C terminal | HG19849-ACR | In stock | Y |
HSPA5 | GFPSpark® fusion with HSPA5 C terminal | HG12063-ACG | In stock | Y |
HSPA5 | OFPSpark® fusion with HSPA5 C terminal | HG12063-ACR | In stock | Y |
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HG12063-ACR |
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HG12063-ACG |
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HG19849-ACG |
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HG19849-ACR |
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The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It is actually a stack of membrane-bound vesicles that are important in packaging macromolecules for transport elsewhere in the cell. It is a major collection and dispatch station of protein products received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Proteins synthesized in the ER are packaged into vesicles, which then fuse with the Golgi apparatus. is also involved in lipid transport and lysosome formation.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
B4GALT1/GGTB2 | GFPSpark® fusion with B4GalT1 C terminal | HG11220-ACG | In stock | Y |
B4GALT1/GGTB2 | OFPSpark® fusion with B4GalT1 C terminal | HG11220-ACR | In stock | Y |
GOLM1/GP73 | GFPSpark® fusion with GOLM1 C terminal | HG13066-ACG | In stock | Y |
TGOLN2 | GFPSpark® fusion with TGOLN2 C terminal | HG17252-ACG | In stock | Y |
TGOLN2 | OFPSpark® fusion with TGOLN2 C terminal | HG17252-ACR | In stock | Y |
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HG11220-ACG |
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HG13066-ACG |
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Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion. They are common in animal cells, but rare in plant cells. lysosomes act as the waste disposal system of the cell by digesting unwanted materials in the cytoplasm, both from outside of the cell and obsolete components inside the cell.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
LAMP-1/CD107a/LAMP1 | GFPSpark® fusion with LAMP1 C terminal | HG11215-ACG | In stock | Y |
LAMP-1/CD107a/LAMP1 | OFPSpark® fusion with LAMP1 C terminal | HG11215-ACR | In stock | Y |
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HG11215-ACG |
HG11215-ACR |
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A melanosome is an organelle found in animal cells, and is the cellular site of synthesis, storage and transport of melanin. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells. They are responsible for color and photoprotection in animal tissues.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
MMP-14/MMP14 | GFPSpark® fusion with MMP14 C terminal | HG10741-ACG | In stock | Y |
MMP-14/MMP14 | OFPSpark® fusion with MMP14 C terminal | HG10741-ACR | In stock | Y |
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HG10741-ACR |
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HG10741-ACG |
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The mitochondrion is a membrane bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.Mitochondria provide the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce secretory products, contract - in short, they are the power centers of the cell. They are about the size of bacteria but may have different shapes depending on the cell type. The cristae greatly increase the inner membrane's surface area. They generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Gene | Description | Description | Shopping | Validated |
Peroxiredoxin 5/PRDX5 | GFPSpark® fusion with PRDX5 C terminal | HG11263-ACG | In stock | Y |
Peroxiredoxin 5/PRDX5 | OFPSpark® fusion with PRDX5 C terminal | HG11263-ACR | In stock | Y |
COX8A | GFPSpark® fusion with COX8A C terminal | HG16198-ACG | In stock | Y |
COX8A | OFPSpark® fusion with COX8A C terminal | HG16198-ACR | In stock | Y |
PDHA1 / C54G1 | GFPSpark® fusion with PDHA1 C terminal | HG16919-ACG | In stock | Y |
PDHA1 / C54G1 | OFPSpark® fusion with PDHA1 C terminal | HG16919-ACR | In stock | Y |
BID | GFPSpark® fusion with BID C terminal | HG10468-ACG | In stock | Y |
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HG11263-ACR |
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HG11263-ACG |
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HG16198-ACG |
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HG16198-ACR |
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HG10468-ACG |
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The outer mitochondrial membrane, which encloses the entire organelle, has a protein-to-phospholipid ratio similar to the eukaryotic plasma membrane (about 1:1 by weight). It contains numerous integral proteins called porins, which contain a relatively large internal channel (about 2-3 nm) that is permeable to all molecules of 5000 daltons or less. Larger molecules can only traverse the outer membrane by active transport through mitochondrial membrane transport proteins. The outer membrane also contains enzymes involved in such diverse activities as the elongation of fatty acids, oxidation of epinephrine (adrenaline), and the degradation of tryptophan.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
TOMM20 | GFPSpark® fusion with TOMM20 C terminal | HG15094-ACG | In stock | Y |
MFF | GFPSpark® fusion with MFF C terminal | HG20870-ACG | In stock | Y |
MFF | OFPSpark® fusion with MFF C terminal | HG20870-ACR | In stock | Y |
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HG15094-ACG |
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Microtubules are one of the components of the cytoskeleton, found throughout the cytoplasm. Microtubules serve as structural components within cells and are involved in many cellular processes including mitosis, cytokinesis, and vesicular transport.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
TUBB | GFPSpark® fusion with TUBB C terminal | HG11626-ACG | In stock | Y |
TUBB | OFPSpark® fusion with TUBB C terminal | HG11626-ACR | In stock | Y |
MAPRE1 | GFPSpark® fusion with MAPRE1 C terminal | HG16522-ACG | In stock | Y |
MAPRE1 | OFPSpark® fusion with MAPRE1 C terminal | HG16522-ACR | In stock | Y |
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HG11626-ACG |
HG11626-ACR |
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The prominent structure in the nucleus is the nucleolus. The nucleolus produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus and take positions on the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they are critical in protein synthesis.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
FBL/Fibrillarin | GFPSpark® fusion with FBL C terminal | HG15495-ACG | In stock | Y |
FBL/Fibrillarin | OFPSpark® fusion with FBL C terminal | HG15495-ACR | In stock | Y |
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The nucleus a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores. It contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
cyclin D1 | GFPSpark® fusion with CCND1 C terminal | HG10905-ACG | In stock | Y |
Lamin B1/LMNB1 | GFPSpark® fusion with LMNB1 C terminal | HG17991-ACG | In stock | Y |
Lamin B1/LMNB1 | OFPSpark® fusion with LMNB1 C terminal | HG17991-ACR | In stock | Y |
Lamin B1/LMNB1 | GFPSpark® fusion with LMNB1 N terminal | HG17991-ANG | In stock | Y |
Lamin B1/LMNB1 | OFPSpark® fusion with LMNB1 N terminal | HG17991-ANR | In stock | Y |
WT1 | GFPSpark® fusion with WT1 C terminal | HG12282-ACG | In stock | Y |
WT1 | OFPSpark® fusion with WT1 C terminal | HG12282-ACR | In stock | Y |
WT1 | GFPSpark® fusion with WT1 N terminal | HG12282-ANG | In stock | Y |
Cyclin E1/CCNE1 | GFPSpark® fusion with CCNE1 C terminal | HG10902-ACG | In stock | Y |
Cyclin E1/CCNE1 | OFPSpark® fusion with CCNE1 C terminal | HG10902-ACR | In stock | Y |
Cyclin E1/CCNE1 | GFPSpark® fusion with CCNE1 N terminal | HG10902-ANG | In stock | Y |
HIST1H2AL | GFPSpark® fusion with HIST1H2AL C terminal | HG23722-ACG | In stock | Y |
HIST1H2AL | OFPSpark® fusion with HIST1H2AL C terminal | HG23722-ACR | In stock | Y |
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HG17991-ACG |
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HG12282-ACG |
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HG12282-ACR |
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HG10902-ACG |
HG10902-ACR |
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HG10902-ANG |
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HG10905-ACG |
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HG12282-ANG |
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HG17991-ACR |
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HG17991-ANG |
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HG17991-ANR |
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HG23722-ACG |
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HG23722-ACR |
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The double-layered membrane that envelopes the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. It is made up of two layers, each composed of a lipid bilayer. It is perforated with holes, called nuclear pores, to facilitate and regulate the exchange of materials (for example, proteins and RNA) between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In between these two membranes is a space called perinuclear space. The outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. The inner membrane is associated with a network of intermediate filaments called nuclear lamina, which is made of lamin. The lamina acts as a site of attachment for chromosomes. It also acts like a shield for the nucleus.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
LMNA/lamins A | GFPSpark® fusion with LMNA N terminal | HG12058-ANG | In stock | Y |
LMNA/lamins A | OFPSpark® fusion with LMNA N terminal | HG12058-ANR | In stock | Y |
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HG12058-ANG |
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HG12058-ANR |
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Peroxisomes are organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They are membrane-bound packets of oxidative enzymes. In plant cells, peroxisomes play a variety of roles including converting fatty acids to sugar and assisting chloroplasts in photorespiration. In animal cells, peroxisomes protect the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide.
Gene | Description | Catalog No. | Shopping | Validated |
PXMP2 | GFPSpark® fusion with PXMP2 N terminal | HG24766-ANG | In stock | Y |
PXMP2 | OFPSpark® fusion with PXMP2 N terminal | HG24766-ANR | In stock | Y |
SRL | GFPSpark® fusion with SRL C terminal | HG25414-ACG | In stock | Y |
SRL | OFPSpark® fusion with SRL C terminal | HG25414-ACR | In stock | Y |
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HG24766-ANG |
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HG24766-ANR |
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