CD Molecule Antibody Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

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Background

The cluster of differentiation (or cluster of designation), often abbreviated as CD, is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on white blood cells. The cluster of differentiation nomenclature was proposed for the classification of the many monoclonal antibodies generated by different laboratories around the world against epitopes on the surface molecules of leukocytes. Since then, the use of cluster of differentiation has expanded to many other cell types.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), also known as an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), is a biochemical technique used mainly in immunology to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample. In simple terms, in ELISA, an unknown amount of antigen is affixed to a surface, and then a specific antibody is applied over the surface so that it can bind to the antigen. This antibody is linked to an enzyme, and in the final step a substance is added that the enzyme can convert to some detectable signal, most commonly a colour change in a chemical substrate.