IFN gamma

IFN gamma is a secreted protein which belongs to the type I I interferon family. IFN gamma is produced predominantly by natural killer and natural killer T cells as part of the innate immune response, and by CD4 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector T cells once antigen-specific immunity develops. IFN gamma has antiviral, immunoregulatory, and anti-tumor properties. IFN gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions, it is a potent activator of macrophages, and has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. The IFN gamma monomer consists of a core of six α-helices and an extended unfolded sequence in the C-terminal region. IFN gamma is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and for tumor control. Aberrant IFN gamma expression is associated with a number of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The importance of IFN gamma in the immune system stems in part from its ability to inhibit viral replication directly, and most importantly from its immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects. IFN gamma also promotes NK cell activity.

IFN gamma Related Areas

Immunology>>Cytokine & Receptor>>Interleukin & Receptor>>IL-10/Interferon Family>>IFN gamma/IFNG

IFN gamma Alternative Names

IFN gamma, IFNG, IFG, IFI, immune interferon, interferon gamma [Homo sapiens]

IFN gamma, Ifng, IFN-g, Ifg, gamma interferon [Mus musculus]

Summaries for IFN gamma

Entrez Gene summary for IFNG:

IFNG gene encodes a member of the type II interferon family. The protein encoded is a soluble cytokine with antiviral, immunoregulatory and anti-tumor properties and is a potent activator of macrophages. Mutations in IFNG gene are associated with aplastic anemia.

OMIM - description for IFN gamma:

Interferon-gamma (IFNG), or type II interferon, is a cytokine critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and for tumor control. Aberrant IFN gamma expression is associated with a number of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The importance of IFN gamma in the immune system stems in part from its ability to inhibit viral replication directly, but most importantly derives from its immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects. IFN gamma is produced predominantly by natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells as part of the innate immune response, and by CD4 (186940) and CD8 (see 186910) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cells once antigen-specific immunity develops.

Wikipedia summary for IFN gamma:

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. This interferon was originally called macrophage-activating factor, a term now used to describe a larger family of proteins to which IFN gamma belongs. In humans, the IFN gamma protein is encoded by the IFNG gene.

Human IFN gamma Protein General Information

 

• Protein names: Interferon gamma, Short name=IFN gamma
• Sequence length: 166 AA.
• Sequence similarities: Belongs to the type II (or gamma) interferon family.
• Post-translational modification: Proteolytic processing produces C-terminal heterogeneity, with proteins ending alternatively at Gly-150, Met-157 or Gly-161.
• Subunit structure: Homodimer.
• Subcellular location: Secreted.
• Tissue specificity: Released primarily from activated T lymphocytes.
• Involvement in disease: In Caucasians, genetic variation in IFN gamma is associated with the risk of aplastic anemia (AA) [MIM:609135]. AA is a rare disease in which the reduction of the circulating blood cells results from damage to the stem cell pool in bone marrow. In most patients, the stem cell lesion is caused by an autoimmune attack. T-lymphocytes, activated by an endogenous or exogenous, and most often unknown antigenic stimulus, secrete cytokines, including IFN gamma, which would in turn be able to suppress hematopoiesis
• Pharmaceutical use: IFN gamma is available under the name Actimmune (Genentech). IFN gamma isused for reducing the frequency and severity of serious infections associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).

General information above from UniProt

Function for IFN gamma Protein

UniProtKB:

IFN gamma is produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, IFN-gamma has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons.

Genatlas:

• IFN gamma is involved in immunoregulation, negative regulator of T cell mediated osteoclastogenesis through cross talk with TNFSF11
• IFN gamma is involved in the control of endogenous tumor and infection, by upregulating MHC classes I,II, effecting IgG heavy chain switching and stimulating production of immunomodulatory cytokines, surveillance system
• IFN gamma binds to an heterotetrameric receptor capable of activating the JAK-STAT pathway, in cooperation with BRCA1, leading to phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT1 dependent regulation of gene expression, also,STAT1 independent regulator of gene expression
• IFN gamma induce rapid degradation of TRAF6, resultes in inhibition of osteoclastogenesis through inhibition of TNFS11 (RANK2) induced activation of NFKB and INK
• IFN gamma mediates DUOX2 expression in respiratory tract epithelium and thus is involved in the regulation of host defense responses
• soluble cytokine with antiviral, immunoregulatory and anti-tumor properties and potent activator of macrophages
• IFN gamma has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells

Phenotype Information for IFN gamma

• Gene/Locus: IFNG, IFG, IFI
• Phenotype: {AIDS, rapid progression to}
  {Aplastic anemia}
  {Hepatitis C virus, response to therapy of}
  {TSC2 angiomyolipomas, renal, modifier of}
  {Tuberculosis, protection against}

Phenotype Information for IFN gamma from OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man)

Drugs for IFN gamma

Target	Drug Name	Disease	Drug Status
IFN gamma	CRx-191	Psoriasis and Psoriatic Disorders	Phase IIa completed
IFN gamma	Fontolizumab	Inflammatory bowel disease, Rheumatoid arthritis	Terminated in Phase II
IFN gamma	Fumaric acid	Pustular Palmoplantar Psoriasis, Multiple sclerosis	Phase III

Drugs for IFN gamma from TTD (Therapeutic Targets Database)