TREM-2 (TREM2)

TREM-2 may have a role in chronic inflammations and may stimulate production of constitutive rather than inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. TREM-2 forms a receptor signaling complex with TYROBP and triggers activation of the immune responses in macrophages and dendritic cells.

TREM-2 (TREM2) Related Areas

Immunology>>Innate Immunity>>Monocyte/Macrophage>>Macrophage Marker / Monocyte Marker>>TREM-2/TREM2

TREM-2 (TREM2) Alternative Names

TREM-2, Trem2a, Trem2b, Trem2c

Summaries for TREM-2 (TREM2)

Entrez Gene summary for TREM-2 (TREM2):

The protein encoded by TREM2 gene is a membrane protein that forms a receptor signaling complex with TYROBP. The encoded protein may be involved in chronic inflammation by triggering the production of constitutive inflammatory cytokines. Defects in TREM2 gene are a cause of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

OMIM - description for TREM-2 (TREM2):

Monocyte/macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses can be stimulated through a variety of receptors, including G protein-linked 7-transmembrane receptors (e.g., FPR1; ), Fc receptors , CD14 and Toll-like receptors (e.g., TLR4; ), and cytokine receptors (e.g., IFNGR1; ). Engagement of these receptors can also prime myeloid cells to respond to other stimuli. Myeloid cells express receptors belonging to the Ig superfamily, such as TREM2, or to the C-type lectin superfamily. Depending on their transmembrane and cytoplasmic sequence structure, these receptors have either activating (e.g., KIR2DS1; ) or inhibitory functions (e.g., KIR2DL1; ).

Wikipedia summary for TREM-2 (TREM2):

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TREM2 gene.
Monocyte/macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses can be stimulated through a variety of receptors, including G protein-linked 7-transmembrane receptors (e.g., FPR1; ), Fc receptors , CD14 and Toll-like receptors (e.g., TLR4; ), and cytokine receptors (e.g., IFNGR1; ). Engagement of these receptors can also prime myeloid cells to respond to other stimuli. Myeloid cells express receptors belonging to the Ig superfamily, such as TREM2, or to the C-type lectin superfamily. Depending on their transmembrane and cytoplasmic sequence structure, these receptors have either activating (e.g., KIR2DS1; ) or inhibitory functions (e.g., KIR2DL1; ).[supplied by OMIM]

Human TREM-2 (TREM2) Protein General Information

 

• Protein names: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
  Short name=TREM-2
• Sequence length: 230 AA.
• Domain: Immunoglobulin domain
  Signal
  Transmembrane
  Transmembrane helix
• Sequence similarities: Contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.
• Sequence caution: The sequence BAB78736.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.
• Subunit structure: Interacts with TYROBP/DAP12 .
• Subcellular location: Isoform 1: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein .
  Isoform 2: Secreted .
  Isoform 3: Secreted .
• Tissue specificity: Expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells but not on granulocytes or monocytes. In the CNS strongest expression seen in the basal ganglia, corpus callosum, medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
• Involvement in disease: Defects in TREM2 are a cause of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL) ; also known as presenile dementia with bone cysts or Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD). PLOSL is a recessively inherited disease characterized by a combination of psychotic symptoms rapidly progressing to presenile dementia and bone cysts restricted to wrists and ankles. PLOSL has a global distribution, although most of the patients have been diagnosed in Finland and Japan, with an estimated population prevalence of 2x10(-6) in the Finns.

General information above from UniProt

Function for TREM-2 (TREM2) Protein

UniProtKB:

TREM-2 may have a role in chronic inflammations and may stimulate production of constitutive rather than inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. TREM-2 forms a receptor signaling complex with TYROBP and triggers activation of the immune responses in macrophages and dendritic cells.

Genatlas:

• TREM-2 plays a role in chronic inflammatory response
• TREM-2 plays a critical role in the differentiation of mononuclear myeloid precursors into functional multinucleated osteoclasts
• TREM-2 regulates osteoclast multinucleation as well as resorption and migration of mature osteoclast
• TREM-2 delivers intracellular signals through the adaptor TYROBP to regulate myeloid cell function both within and outside the immune system
• TREM-2 is expressed on newly differentiated and alternatively activated macrophages and functions to restrain macrophage activation
• TYROBP and TREM2, with SYK are required for the cytokine-induced formation of giant cells
• TREM-2's signaling is an important pathway to promote healing of wounds in the colon where stem cell replacement is necessary

Homology for human TREM-2 (TREM2)

• ortholog to murine Trem2c-pending
• homolog to drosophila CG2304
• homolog to C.elegans Y119C1B.5

Phenotype Information for TREM-2 (TREM2)

• Gene/Locus: TREM2
• Phenotype: Nasu-Hakola disease

Phenotype Information for TREM-2 (TREM2) from OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man)