TIGIT (VSTM3)

TIGIT binds with high affinity to the poliovirus receptor (PVR) which causes increased secretion of IL10 and decreased secretion of IL12B and suppresses T-cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells.

TIGIT (VSTM3) Alternative Names

TIGIT, VSTM3, DKFZp667A205, FLJ39873, VSIG9, WUCAM [Homo sapiens]

Tigit, Vstm3, ENSMUSG00000071552 [Mus musculus]

Summaries for TIGIT (VSTM3)

Entrez Gene summary for TIGIT (VSTM3):

TIGIT gene encodes a member of the PVR (poliovirus receptor) family of immunoglobin proteins. The product of TIGIT gene is expressed on several classes of T cells including follicular B helper T cells (TFH). The protein has been shown to bind PVR with high affinity; this binding is thought to assist interactions between TFH and dendritic cells to regulate T cell dependent B cell responses.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

OMIM - description for TIGIT (VSTM3):

TIGIT is a cell surface protein that suppresses T-cell activation. It belongs to the PVR family of immunoglobulin (Ig) proteins that share 3 conserved sequence motifs in their N-terminal Ig domains (Yu et al., 2009).

Wikipedia summary for TIGIT (VSTM3):

TIGIT (also called T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) is one newly discovered immune receptor on most T cells and Natural Killer Cells(NK). It is also identified as WUCAM[2] and Vstm3. TIGIT could bind to CD155(PVR) on dendritic cells(DCs), macrophages, etc. with high affinity, and also to CD112(PVRL2) with lower affinity.
Research has shown that TIGIT-Fc fusion protein could interact with PVR on dendritic cells and increase its IL-10 secretion level/decrease its IL-12 secretion level under LPS stimulation, and also inhibit T cell activation in vivo. TIGIT's inhibition of NK cytotoxicity can be blocked by antibodies against its interaction with PVR and the activity is directed through its ITIM domain.

Human TIGIT (VSTM3) Protein General Information

 

• Protein names: T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains
  Short name=TIGIT
• Sequence length: 244 AA.
• Domain: Contains 1 copy of a cytoplasmic motif that is referred to as the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitor motif (ITIM). This motif is involved in modulation of cellular responses. The phosphorylated ITIM motif can bind the SH2 domain of several SH2-containing phosphatases.
• Sequence similarities: Contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.
• Sequence caution: The sequence CAI46183.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.
• Subunit structure: Binds with high affinity to PVR and with lower affinity to PVRL2 and PVRL3.
• Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Tissue specificity: Expressed at low levels on peripheral memory and regulatory CD4+ T-cells and NK cells and is up-regulated following activation of these cells (at protein level).

General information above from UniProt

Function for TIGIT (VSTM3) Protein

UniProtKB:

TIGIT binds with high affinity to the poliovirus receptor (PVR) which causes increased secretion of IL10 and decreased secretion of IL12B and suppresses T-cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells.

Genatlas:

• TIGIT is surface protein, that was expressed on regulatory, memory and activated T cells
• TIGIT exerts immunosuppressive effects by binding to poliovirus receptor and modulating cytokine production by dendritic cells
• TIGIT is inhibitory receptor expressed by all NK cells and PVR, PVRL2 and even PVRL3 are expressed on normal cells of an epithelial origin, such as endothelial cells
• TIGIT counter inhibits the NK-mediated killing of tumor cells and protects normal cells from NK-mediated cytotoxicity thus providing an "alternative self" mechanism for MHC class I inhibition
• TIGIT exerts immunosuppressive effects by competing with CD226 for the same CD155 ligand