TGFB1

TGFB1 is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) family. The transforming growth factorB family of polypeptides are involved in the regulation of cellular processes, including cell division, differentiation, motility, adhesion and death. TGFB1 positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It inhibits the secretion and activity of many other cytokines including interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and various interleukins. It can also decrease the expression levels of cytokine receptors. Meanwhile, TGFB1 also increases the expression of certain cytokines in T cells and promotes their proliferation, particularly if the cells are immature. TGFB1 also inhibits proliferation and stimulates apoptosis of B cells, and plays a role in controlling the expression of antibody, transferrin and MHC class II proteins on immature and mature B cells. As for myeloid cells, TGFB1can inhibit their proliferation and prevent their production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. However, as with other cell types, TGFB1 also has the opposite effect on cells of myeloid origin. TGFB1 is a multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Once cells lose their sensitivity to TGFB1-mediated growth inhibition, autocrine TGFB signaling can promote tumorigenesis. Elevated levels of TGFB1 are often observed in advanced carcinomas, and have been correlated with increased tumor invasiveness and disease progression.

TGFB1 Related Areas

Neuroscience>>Axon Guidance>>TGF-beta Family>>TGFB1

Stem Cell>>Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC)>>Embryonic Cell Lineage Marker>>TGFB1

Cancer>>Cancer Biomarkers>>TGFB1

Cancer>>Growth Factor & Receptor>>TGF-beta Superfamily>>TGF-beta Family>>TGFB1

Immunology>>Adaptive Immunity>>T Cell>>Helper T Cell>>TGFB1

Immunology>>Cytokine & Receptor>>TGF-beta Superfamily>>TGF-beta Family>>TGFB1

TGFB1 Related Pathways

• TGF-beta Signaling

TGFB1 Alternative Names

TGFB1, TGFB, TGFbeta, CED, DPD1, LAP [Homo sapiens]

TGF-beta 1, Tgfb1, TGFbeta1, Tgfb, Tgfb-1 [Mus musculus]

Summaries for TGFB1

Entrez Gene summary for TGFB1:

This gene encodes a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) family of cytokines, which are multifunctional peptides that regulate proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and other functions in many cell types. Many cells have TGFB receptors, and the protein positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. The secreted protein is cleaved into a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature TGFB1 peptide, and is found in either a latent form composed of a TGFB1 homodimer, a LAP homodimer, and a latent TGFB1-binding protein, or in an active form composed of a TGFB1 homodimer. The mature peptide may also form heterodimers with other TGFB family members. TGFB1 gene is frequently upregulated in tumor cells, and mutations in TGFB1 gene result in Camurati-Engelmann disease.

OMIM - description for TGFB1:

TGFB is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types. TGFB acts synergistically with TGFA (190170) in inducing transformation. TGFB also acts as a negative autocrine growth factor. Dysregulation of TGFB activation and signaling may result in apoptosis. Many cells synthesize TGFB and almost all of them have specific receptors for this peptide. TGFB1, TGFB2 (190220), and TGFB3 (190230) all function through the same receptor signaling systems.

Wikipedia summary for TGFB1:

Transforming growth factor beta 1 or TGFB1 is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines. It is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. In humans, TGFB1 is encoded by the TGFB1 gene.

Human TGFB1 Protein General Information

 

• Protein names: Transforming growth factor beta-1, Short name=TGF-beta-1
• Sequence length: 390 AA.
• Domain: Signal
• Sequence similarities: Belongs to the TGF-beta family.
• Post-translational modification: Glycosylated. The precursor is cleaved into mature TGFB1 and LAP, which remains non-covalently linked to mature TGFB1 rendering it inactive.
• Subunit structure: The inactive form consists of a TGFB1 homodimer non-covalently linked to a latency-associated peptide (LAP) homodimer. The inactive complex can contain a latent TGFB1-binding protein. The active form is a homodimer of mature TGFB1; disulfide-linked. Heterodimers of TGFB1/TGFB2 have been found in bone. Interacts with CD109 and DPT. Interacts with ASPN.
• Subcellular location: Secreted › extracellular space › extracellular matrix
• Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in bone. Abundantly expressed in articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA). Co-localizes with ASPN in chondrocytes within OA lesions of articular cartilage.
• Involvement in disease: Defects in TGFB1 are the cause of Camurati-Engelmann disease (CE) [MIM:131300]; also known as progressive diaphyseal dysplasia 1 (DPD1). CE is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperostosis and sclerosis of the diaphyses of long bones. The disease typically presents in early childhood with pain, muscular weakness and waddling gait, and in some cases other features such as exophthalmos, facial paralysis, hearing difficulties and loss of vision.

General information above from UniProt

Function for TGFB1 Protein

UniProtKB:

Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts.

Genatlas:

• TGFB1 stimulates articular chondrocyte cell growth through MAPK3 activation
• TGFB1 is a upregulatory factor of CYP19 in human osteoblast-like cells
• TGFB1 is involved in the growth inhibition suppression by the complex Rb/Bog (RBBP9)
• TGFB1 is the recruitement and proliferation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes
• TGFB1 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells (promoting endothelial cell expression of FGF2, which up-regulates VEGF synthesis)
• TGFB1 represses CBFA1 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin genes through the mediation of MADH3
• TGFB1 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis
• TGFB1 stimulates the phosphorylation of AKT1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)
• TGFB1 enhances VEGF synthesis via the AKT1 and ERK1/2 activation
• TGFB1 regulates the expression and intracellular distribution of NFATC1 during early stages of osteoclast differentiation
• TGFB1 enhances tumor growth and metastasis in the late stages of cancer progression
• TGFB1-TGFBR1-MAPK signaling in tumor cells promotes tumor angiogenesis
• TGFB1 has functions to couple bone resorption and formation
• TGFB1 roles in the regulation of thyroid function and growth
• TGFB1 is the modifier of the course of the monogenic disease cystic fibrosis
• TGFB1 initiates signaling pathways to fate naive neurites into axons, and TGFB1 directs axon establishment in developing neurons
• TGFbeta signaling is required to induce CKI (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors) expression and cellular senescence and suppress tumor recurrence
• TGFB1 is the key factor that establishes oncogene addiction of T-cell lymphomas (interaction between MYC and ZBTB17 is required to antagonize TGFbeta-dependent autocrine signaling during lymphoma formation and maintenance)
• The antiproliferative activity of TGFB1 is essential for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis and the antiproliferative activity of TGFB1 is lost in many types of tumors

Homology for human TGFB1

• homolog to rattus TGFB1 (90,26 pc)
• homolog to murine TGFB1 (90,00 pc)

Phenotype Information for TGFB1

• Gene/Locus: TGFB1, DPD1, CED
• Phenotype: Camurati-Engelmann disease
  {Cystic fibrosis lung disease, modifier of}

Phenotype Information for TGFB1 from OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man)