Rheumatoid Therapeutic Targets

Protein Name	Alternative Names	BioChemical Class / Role	Products (Cat NO)
			Protein	Antibody	Gene cDNA clones
TNF-alpha	TNF, TNFA, TNFSF2, DADB-70P7.1, DIF	TNF-alpha (Tumor necrosis factor alpha ), also known as TNF, TNFA or TNFSF2, is the prototypic cytokine of the TNF superfamily, and is a multifunctional molecule involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. TNF-alpha is involved in fighting against the tumorigenesis, thus, is regarded as a molecular insight in cancer treatment.	10602-HNAE, 50349-MNAE	10602-MM01, 10602-MM02, 10602-RP03	HG10602-M, MG50349-M
IL-1RA	IL1F3, IL1RN, IL1RA, DIRA, ICIL-1RA, IL-1ra3, IRAP, MGC10430, MVCD4	IL-1RA is the receptor for interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1A), beta (IL-1B), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RA), and binding to the agonist leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B. It is an important mediator involved in many cytokine induced immune and inflammatory responses.IL-1RA is suggested to have possible therapeutic applications in treatment of sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic myelogenous leukemia.	10123-HNAE, 10123-H01H		HG10123-M
IL-1R1/CD121a	IL1R1, CD121A, D2S1473, IL-1R-alpha, IL1R, IL1RA, P80	IL-1R1/CD121a is a type â…¡ receptor is a 68 kDa transmembrane protein with a short cytoplamic domain and serves as a decoy for IL-1. As important mediators involved in many immune and inflammatory responses, the agonists IL1A and IL1B bind to IL1R1, leading to the signal transduction and activation of NF-kappa-B.	10126-H02H, 10126-H08H	10126-RP01, 10126-RP02	HG10126-M
IL-1R2/CD121b	IL1R2, IL-1RII, IL1RB, MGC47725	IL-1R2/CD121b can bind all three forms of IL1 (IL1 alpha, IL1 beta and IL1ra) but does not transmit IL1 signals. In addition to the membrane-bound form, IL1RII also exists as the soluble form, and either acts as a decoy receptor that inhibits IL1 action by blocking the binding of IL1 to the type I receptor complex. It is a potent antagonist of IL1 action, and serves as a potential therapeutic target.	10111-H02H		HG10111-M
IL-1RAcP/IL-1R3	IL1RAP, C3orf13, FLJ37788, IL-1RAcP	IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), also called as IL1R3, is identified as a subunit of membrane-bound form of the IL-1 receptor. As an indispensible molecule in the IL-1 receptor signal transduction, IL-1RAcP is necessary to link events on the plasma membrane level to downstream signaling pathways.	10121-H03H, 10121-H08H,		HG10121-M
IL1RL1	DER4, FIT-1, MGC32623, ST2, ST2L, ST2V, T1	The protein IL1 R4, also known as T1, ST2, is a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family with a soluble secreted form (sST2) and a transmembrane form (ST2L). As an important mediator involved in many immune and inflammatory responses, this cytokine has been implicated as a regulator of both the development and effector phases of type 2 helper T cell responses, and as a negative feedback modulator of macrophage pro-inflammatory function.	10105-H02H, 10105-H08H	10105-MM01, 10105-MM02, 10105-RP03	HG10105-M
IL-1R8/IL1RAPL1	IL1R8, IL1RAPL, MRX10, MRX21, MRX34, OPHN4, TIGIRR-2	IL1RAPL1(IL1-receptor accessory protein-like 1), also known as IL1R8, a member of interleukin-1/toll like receptor (TIR) family, is an integral membrane protein responsible for a nonsyndromic form of mental retardation (MR). IL1RAPL1 is suggested to affect human cognitive ability to some extent, especially the memory and concentration capability.	10177-H02H, 10177-H02H,		HG10177-M
IL-1R9/IL1RAPL2	IL1R9, IL1RAPL-2, TIGIRR-1	IL1R9, also known as IL1 receptor accessory protein-like 2 (IL1RAPL2) and three immunoglobulin domain containing IL1 receptor-related molecule 1(TIGIRR-1), is a member of the interleukin 1 receptor family comprising at least nine members. IL1R9 gene is co-localized to human chromosome Xq22 with IL1RAPL1 which is reportedly involved in X-linked mental retardation.	10156-H02H		HG10156-M
VEGF	VEGF-A, RP1-261G23.1, MGC70609, MVCD1, VPF	VEGF(Vascular endothelial growth factor ), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) and VEGF-A, is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult. VEGF-A is important for the formation of blood vessels, such as during development or in pathological conditions.	11066-HNAB		HG10008-M, HG10009-M, HG10010-M, HG11066-M,MG50159-M
VEGF-B	VEGFB,VEGFL, VRF	VEGF-B is a growth factor that belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family. In contrast to VEGF-A, it seems only to play in role in the maintenance of newly formed blood vessels during pathological conditions.  VEGF-B plays also an important role on several types of neurons. It is also important for the protection of neurons in the retina and the cerebral cortex during stroke and of motoneurons during motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.			HG10544-M, MG50158-M
VEGF-C	VEGFC, Flt4-L, VRP	Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C is a member of the VEGF family, a group of polypeptide growth factors which play key roles in the physiology and pathology of many aspects of the cardiovascular system, including vasculogenesis, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and vascular permeability. VEGFC may function in angiogenesis of the venous and lymphatic vascular systems during embryogenesis, and also in the maintenance of differentiated lymphatic endothelium in adults.	10542-H08H		HG10542-M
FIGF/VEGF-D	VEGFD	VEGF-D(Vascular endothelial growth factor D), also known as C-fos induced growth factor (FIGF), is a vascular endothelial growth factor. This secreted protein is a member of the platelet derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family and performs activities in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. Like VEGFC, it may particularly be involed in the formation of the venous and lymphatic vascular systems during embryogenesis, and also in the maintenance of differentiated lymphatic endothelium in adults.	10557-H08H	10557-RP01	HG10557-M
Complement C5a	C5a , CPAMD4, FLJ17816, FLJ17822, MGC142298	C5a is a protein fragment released from complement component C5. C5a is an extremely potent proinflammatory mediator, as well as a potent chemotactic factor for neutrophils and other leukocytes. It causes histamine release, increases in vascular permeability, induces several cytokines production from leukocytes, enhances neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion, and augments the humoral and cell-mediated immune response. Accordingly, the anaphylatoxin C5a is implicated in a variety of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, reperfusion injury, Alzheimer's disease, and sepsis.	10604-HNAE		HG10604-M
Integrin alpha 4/CD49d	ITGA4.IA4, MGC90518	CD49d is an integrin alpha subunit. It makes up half of the α4β1 lymphocyte homing receptor. Integrins alpha-4/beta-1 (VLA-4) and alpha-4/beta-7 are receptors for fibronectin. On activated endothelial cells integrin VLA-4 triggers homotypic aggregation for most VLA-4-positive leukocyte cell lines. It may also participate in cytolytic T-cell interactions with target cells.			MG50049-M
CD80/B7-1	B7, CD28LG, CD28LG1, LAB7	The B-lymphocyte activation antigen B7-1(referred to as B7), also known as CD80, is a member of cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily. As costimulatory ligands, B7-1 which exists predominantly as dimer and the related protein B7-2, interact with the costimulatory receptors CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expressed on T cells, and thus constitute one of the dominant pathways that regulate T cell activation and tolerance, cytokine production, and the generation of CTL. CD80 is thus regarded as promising therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases and various carcinomas.	10698-H03H, 10698-H08H, 10698-HCCH		HG10698-M
CD86/B7-2	B70, CD28LG2, LAB72, MGC34413	The B-lymphocyte activation antigen B7-2 (referred to as B70), also known as CD86, is a member of the cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily. Binding of B7-2 with CD28 induces the activation of T cell, whereas CTLA-4 acts as a negative regulator and diminishes the immune responses. CD86 has an important role in chronic hemodialysis, allergic pulmonary inflammation, arthritis, and antiviral responses, and thus is regarded as a promising candidate for immune therapy.	10699-H03H, 10699-H08H, 50068-M03H, 50068-M08H		HG10699-M, MG50068-M
CD16a	RP11-5K23.1, CD16, CD16A, FCG3, FCGR3, FCGRIII, FCR-10, FCRIII, FCRIIIA, IGFR3	In human, CD16 is expressed as two distinct forms (CD16a and CD16b) encoded by two different highly homologous genes in a cell type-specific manner. CD16a has an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in its cytoplasmic domain and delivers an activation signal in the immune responses. As an inflammatory mediator, CD16a receptor is involved in phagocytosis, secretion of enzymes, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), mast cell degranulation, and clearance of immune complexes. Aberrant expression or mutations in this gene are implicated in susceptibility to recurrent viral infections, systemic lupus erythematosus, and alloimmune neonatal neutropenia.	10389-H08H	10389-MM01, 10389-MM02, 10389-MM03	HG10389-M
CD16b	CD16, FCG3, FCGR3,FCGR3B	CD16b is unique in that it is the only Fc receptor linked to the plasma membrane. The GPI-anchored proteins often preferentially localize to DRMs (detergent-resistant membranes) that are rich in sphingolipids and cholesterol and play an important role in signal transduction. CD16b associates with complement receptor 3 (CR3, Mac-1, CD11b/CD18) which can indirectly link CD16b to the actin cytoskeleton.	11046-H08H	11046-RP01	HG11046-M
CD16-2	4833442P21Rik, FcgRIV, FcgammaRIV, Fcgr3a, Fcrl3, Fcgr4	Mouse FCGR4, also referred to as CD16-2, has been proposed to be the mouse homolog of human Fc γ RIIIA because of high sequence homology (60 % aa identity). Although mouse FCGR4 functioned as a low-affinity IgE receptor for all IgE allotypes, ligation of FCGR4 by antigen-IgE(b) immune complexes promotes macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, presentation of antigen to T cells, production of proinflammatory cytokines and the late phase of cutaneous allergic reactions.	50036-M08H	50036-RP01, 50036-RP01	MG50036-M
IL-6R/CD126	IL6R, IL-6R-1, IL-6R-alpha, IL6RA, MGC104991	The IL6R , also known as CD126, is a type I transmembrane cytokine receptor and lacks a tyrosine/kinase domain within the cytoplasmic region, unlike other growth factor receptors. Dysregulated production of IL6 and IL6R are implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases and malignancies such as multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, or osteoporosis, and it has been reported that a humanized anti-IL6R monoclonal antibody is a promising agent applicable to the therapeutic approach for IL6 driven diseases.	10398-H08H, 50280-M08H	10398-MM01, 10398-RP02, 10398-RP02	HG10398-M, MG50280-M
IL12A/IL-12A	P35, IL12A, CLMF, NFSK, NKSF1	Interleukin 12 (IL12), also known as natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF) or cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor (CLMF), is a 70 kDa disulfide-linked heterodimeric cytokine composed of a 35-kD subunit P35 and a 40-kD subunit P40, also designated as IL12A and IL12B. IL12A shows significant sequence similarity to IL-6, G-CSF, and exerts biological activities only when the IL12B is co-expressed.	10021-H02H		HG10021-M
IL12B/IL-12B	IL12B, CLMF, CLMF2, NKSF, NKSF2	A large excess of monomeric IL12B is secreted by the cells producing IL12, and exhibits no demonstrable biological activity. Overexpression of IL12B gene has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. In addition, studies have revealed that the promoter polymorphism of this gene is implicated in the severity of atopic and non-atopic asthma in children.	10052-H02H, 10052-H08H	10052-MM01, 10052-RP02, 10052-RP03	HG10052-M
p38 delta/MAPK13	MGC99536, PRKM13, SAPK4, p38delta	p38 delta/MAPK13 responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Plays a role in the regulation of protein translation by phosphorylating and inactivating EEF2K.			HG10747-M
p38 alpha/MAPK14	p38, CSBP1, CSBP2, Mxi2, PRKM14, PRKM15, RK, CSPB1, SAPK2A, EXIP, RP1-179N16.5	Four alternatively spliced transcript variants of p38 have been reported, p38 alpha (also known as MAPK14) is the best characterized isoform. p38 alpha/MAPK14 is activated following exposure to products of microbial pathogens, physical-chemical stimuli and cytokines. Furthermore, the p38 alpha/MAPK14 has been suggested to play a critical role linking developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis through regulation of Epo expression.	10081-H08B, 10081-H07B, 10646-HNCB		HG10081-M, HG10646-M,
Cathepsin K	CTSK, RP11-363I22.4, CTS02, CTSO, CTSO1, CTSO2, MGC23107, PKND, PYCD	Cathepsin K is a protease, which is defined by its high specificity for kinins, that is involved in bone resorption. The enzyme's ability to catabolize elastin, collagen, and gelatin  allow it to break down bone and cartilage. It may play an important role in extracellular matrix degradation.			HG10796-M
MMP-9/MMP9	CLG4B, GELB, MANDP2	MMP9, also known as 92-kDa gelatinase B/type IV collagenase, is secreted from neutrophils, macrophages. This enzyme degrades various substrates including gelatin, collagen types IV and V, and elastin. MMP9 is involved in a variety of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, and be regarded as a potential therapeutic target.	10327-H08H, 10327-HNAE	10327-MM01, 10327-MM02, 10327-RM04, 10327-RM05, 10327-RP03, 10327-RP06	HG10327-M
MIF					HG10246-M, MG50066-M
Integrin beta1					HG10587-M, MG50054-M
Syk					HG10540-M
IL-13	ALRH, BHR1, IL13, MGC116786, MGC116788, MGC116789, P600	IL-13, a single-chain glycosylated polypeptide, is critical in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. IL-13 is associated primarily with the pathophysiology of atopic respiratory diseases such as allergic asthma. In addition, studies have identified IL13 expression as a common feature of cHL (classical Hodgkin lymphoma).	10369-H01H, 11057-CNAH	10369-MM01, 10369-MM02	HG10369-M, MG50225-M, 11057-M
IL-15					HG10360-M, MG50091-M
CD4	L3T4, Ly-4	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4, also known as T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3, is a single-pass type I membrane protein. CD4 interacts directly with MHC class II molecules on the surface of the antigen presenting cell via its extracellular domain. CD4 is a primary receptor used by HIV-1 to gain entry into host T cells. HIV infection leads to a progressive reduction of the number of T cells possessing CD4 receptors.	50134-M08H		HG10400-M, MG50134-M
PAF	L5,  PAF,  OEATC1,  NS5ATP9,  OEATC-1,  p15(PAF),  KIAA0101				HG10997-M
NFkB1	KBF1,  EBP-1,  MGC54151,  NFKB-p50,  NFKB-p105,  NF-kappa-B,  DKFZp686C01211				HG10212-M
JNK1/MAPK8	JNK, JNK1A2, JNK21B1/2, PRKM8, SAPK1	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), also known as JNK1, is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAPK8 is activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation by either of two dual specificity kinases, MAP2K4 and MAP2K7. MAPK8 is also involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, which is thought to be related to cytochrom c-mediated cell death pathway. In addition, JNK1, together with JNK2, are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells.	10795-H09B		HG10795-M, MG50009-M
JNK2/MAPK9	JNK2A, JNK2ALPHA, JNK2B, JNK2BETA, PRKM9, p54aSAPK, SAPK, p54a, NK-55	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (MAPK9), also well known as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK2), is a member of MAP kinase subfamily belonging to the protein kinase superfamily. MAPK9 responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, such as c-Jun and ATF2. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis.	10745-H08B		HG10745-M
JNK3/MAPK10	FLJ12099, FLJ33785, JNK3A, MGC50974, PRKM10, p493F12, p54bSAPK				HG10626-M
MMP-1/MMP1	CLG, CLGN				HG10532-M
MMP-2/MMP2	CLG4, CLG4A, MMP-II, MONA, TBE-1				HG10082-M
MMP-3/MMP3	CHDS6, MGC126102, MGC126103, MGC126104, MMP-3, SL-1, STMY, STMY1, STR1				HG10467-M
MMP-7/MMP7	MPSL1, PUMP-1	MMP7, also referred to as matrilysin, is the smallest member of the MMP family and differs from other MMP members in that it lacks the C-terminal hemopexin-like domain. This enzyme serves essential functions in both innate defense and wound healing, and appears to be one of the most important MMPs in human colon cancers. In addition, matrilysin is also identified as a mediator of pulmonary fibrosis and a potential therapeutic target.	10277-H01H		HG10277-M
MMP-8/MMP8	CLG1, HNC, PMNL-CL				HG10254-M
MMP-9/MMP9	CLG4B, GELB, MANDP2	MMP9, also known as 92-kDa gelatinase B/type IV collagenase, is secreted from neutrophils, macrophages. This enzyme degrades various substrates including gelatin, collagen types IV and V, and elastin. MMP9 is involved in a variety of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, and be regarded as a potential therapeutic target.	10327-H08H, 10327-HNAE	10327-MM01, 10327-MM02, 10327-RM04, 10327-RM05, 10327-RP03, 10327-RP06	HG10327-M
MMP-10/MMP10	SL-2, STMY2				HG10249-M
MMP-12/MMP12	HME, MGC138506, MME				HG10266-M
MMP-14/MMP14	MMP-X1,  MTMMP1,  MT1-MMP				HG10741-M
OSM	MGC20461				HG10452-M, MG50112-M
bFGF	FGF-2	a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family appears to be involved in remodeling damaged tissue.  bFGF  is a heparin-binding cationic protein involved in a variety of pathological conditions including angiogenesis and solid tumour growth.	10014-HNAE	10014-RP01, 10014-RP02	HG10014-M, MG50037-M
CFLAR	CASH,  FLIP,  MRIT,  CLARP,  FLAME,  Casper,  FLAME1,  c-FLIP,  FLAME-1,  I-FLICE,  c-FLIPL,  c-FLIPR,  c-FLIPS,  CASP8AP1				HG11110-M
TNFR2	CD120b, TNFRSF1B	A member to the TNF-receptor superfamily. TNFR2 inhibits TNF-alpha action by competing with cell surface receptors in binding TNF-alpha, thereby blocking its biologic effects. Knockout studies in mice suggest a role of TNFR2 in protecting neurons from apoptosis by stimulating antioxidative pathways.	10872-H03H		HG10872-M