RANTES

Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines, or proteins secreted by cells. Chemokines share the same structure similarities such as small size, and the presence of four cysteine residues in conserved locations in order to form their 3-dimensional shape. Some of the chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory which can be induced to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection during an immune response, while others are considered homeostatic and are implied in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance and development. There are four members of the chemokine family: C-C kemokines, C kemokines, CXC kemokines and CX3C kemokines. The C-C kemokines have two cysteines nearby the amino terminus. There have been at least 27 distinct members of this subgroup reported for mammals, called C-C chemokine ligands-1 to 28. RANTES is chemotactic for T cells, basophils and eosinophils.RANTES has been considered a HIV-supressor secreted by CD8+ T cells and other immune cells. RANTES is a key to activating recruit leukocytes into inflammatory sites and in the presence of particular cytokines released by T cells, it can change the NK cells into CHAK cells.

RANTES Related Areas

Cancer>>Angiogenesis>>Cytokines/Chemokines in Angiogenesis>>CCL5/RANTES

Immunology>>Cytokine & Receptor>>Chemokine & Receptor>>CCL5/RANTES

Immunology>>Innate Immunity>>Granulocyte>>Eosinophil granulocyte>>CCL5/RANTES

RANTES Alternative Names

CCL5, RANTES, SISd, SCYA5, D17S136E, MGC17164, TCP228 [Homo sapiens]

Ccl5, RANTES, SISd, Scya5, MuRantes, TCP228 [Mus musculus]

Summaries for RANTES

Entrez Gene summary for RANTES:

CCL5 gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The RANTES are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by CCL5 gene functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. RANTES is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells. It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor CCR5 and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Wikipedia summary for RANTES:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (also CCL5) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL5 gene. It is also known as RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted).

Human RANTES Protein General Information

 

• Protein names: T-cell-specific protein RANTES
• Sequence length: 91 AA.
• Sequence similarities: Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.
• Post-translational modification: N-terminal processed form RANTES(3-68) is produced by proteolytic cleavage, probably by DPP4, after secretion from peripheral blood leukocytes and cultured sarcoma cells. The identity of the O-linked saccharides at Ser-27 and Ser-28 are not reported in Ref.8. They are assigned by similarity.
• Subcellular location: Secreted.
• Tissue specificity: T-cell and macrophage specific.
• Induction: By mitogens.
• Polymorphism: The variant Phe-24 is an antagonist of the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR3.
• Mass spectrometry: Molecular mass is 7515±1 Da from positions 27 - 91. Determined by SELDI.
  Molecular mass is 7862.8±1.1 Da from positions 24 - 91. Determined by ESI.
  Molecular mass is 8355±10 Da from positions 24 - 91. Determined by ESI. O-glycosylated.

General information above from UniProt

Function for RANTES Protein

UniProtKB:

RANTES is the chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. RANTES causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. RANTES binds to CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The second processed form RANTES(4-68) exhibits reduced chemotactic and HIV-suppressive activity compared with RANTES(1-68) and RANTES(3-68) and is generated by an unidentified enzyme associated with monocytes and neutrophils.

Genatlas:

• RANTES is monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, specific, activated T cell and dendritic cell
• RANTES functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils
• RANTES causes the release of histamine from basophils and activating eosinophils
• RANTES plays a crucial role for tumor invasion in the interplay of tissue resident stem cells from the fat tissue and breast cancer cells
• RANTES could participate in the inflammation of obese WAT (white adipose tissue) by recruiting blood monocytes and exerting antiapoptotic properties on WAT macrophages
• RANTES is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells
• RANTES activates GLI2 via PI3K/AKT signaling)
• RANTES plays an important role in the formation of granuloma during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• RANTES plays an important role in sustaining CD8 T cell responses during a systemic chronic viral infection
• proinflammatory chemokine known to activate leukocytes through its receptor, CCR5

Homology for human RANTES

• homolog to murine CCL5
• homolog to Drosophila eg:bacr25b3.3
• homolog to C.elegans Y32g9a.l

Phenotype Information for RANTES

• Gene/Locus: CCL5, SCYA5, D17S136E, TCP228
• Phenotype: {HIV-1 disease, delayed progression of}
  {HIV-1 disease, rapid progression of}

Phenotype Information for RANTES from OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man)