PRL-2 (PTP4A2)

PRL-2 (Protein-tyrosine phosphatase of regenerating liver 2), also known as PTP4A2 (Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 2), is a member of PTP family and has an important function in controlling cell growth. PRL-2 phosphatases may be multifunctional enzymes with diverse roles in a variety of tissue and cell types. The phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family, comprising PRL-1, PRL-2 and PRL-3, is a group of prenylated phosphatases that are candidate cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3 represent a novel class of protein-tyrosine phosphatase with a C-terminal prenylation motif. They are three closely related intracellular enzymes that possess the PTP active site signature sequence CX 5R. The PRL-2 mRNA is elevated in primary breast tumors relative to matched normal tissue, and also dramatically elevated in metastatic lymph nodes compared with primary tumors. PRL-2 plays a role in breast cancer progression. PRL-2 is a pathogenic molecule in hematopoietic malignancies and suggest its potential as a novel therapeutic target.

PRL-2 (PTP4A2) Related Areas

Cancer>>Cell Cycle>>PRL-2/PTP4A2

PRL-2 (PTP4A2) Alternative Names

PTP4A2, BM-008, HH13, HH7-2, HU-PP-1, OV-1, PRL-2, PRL2, PTP4A, PTPCAAX2, ptp-IV1a, ptp-IV1b [Homo sapiens]

Ptp4a2, RP23-114O4.2, MGC102154, MGC103400, Prl-2 [Mus musculus]

Summaries for PRL-2 (PTP4A2)

Entrez Gene summary for PRL-2 (PTP4A2):

The protein encoded by PTP4A2 gene belongs to a small class of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are cell signaling molecules that play regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. PTPs in this class contain a protein tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domain and a characteristic C-terminal prenylation motif. This PTP has been shown to primarily associate with plasmic and endosomal membrane through its C-terminal prenylation. This PTP was found to interact with the beta-subunit of Rab geranylgeranyltransferase II (beta GGT II), and thus may function as a regulator of GGT II activity. Overexpression of this gene in mammalian cells conferred a transformed phenotype, which suggested its role in tumorigenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 11, 12 and 17. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

Wikipedia summary for PRL-2 (PTP4A2):

Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTP4A2 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a small class of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are cell signaling molecules that play regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. PTPs in this class contain a protein tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domain and a characteristic C-terminal prenylation motif. This PTP has been shown to primarily associate with plasmic and endosomal membrane through its C-terminal prenylation. This PTP was found to interact with the beta-subunit of Rab geranylgeranyltransferase II (beta GGT II), and thus may function as a regulator of GGT II activity. Overexpression of this gene in mammalian cells conferred a transformed phenotype, which suggested its role in tumorigenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode two distinct isoforms have been described.

Human PRL-2 (PTP4A2) Protein General Information

 

• Protein names: Protein-tyrosine phosphatase of regenerating liver 2
  Short name=PRL-2
• Sequence length: 167 AA.
• Enzyme regulation: Inhibited by sodium orthovanadate and pentamidine.
• Sequence similarities: Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family.
  Contains 1 tyrosine-protein phosphatase domain.
• Post-translational modification: Farnesylated. Farnesylation is required for membrane targeting and for interaction with RABGGTB. Unfarnesylated forms are redirected to the nucleus and cytosol.
• Subunit structure: In contrast to PTP4A1 and PTP4A3, does not interact with tubulin. Interacts with RABGGTB.
• Subcellular location: Cell membrane. Early endosome. Cytoplasm
• Tissue specificity: Ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels in skeletal muscle, heart and thymus. Overexpressed in prostate tumor tissue.
• Catalytic activity: Protein tyrosine phosphate + H₂O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
• Miscellaneous: A processed pseudogene with 96% sequence identity was found in the BRCA1 (113705) region of 17q21.

General information above from UniProt

Function for PRL-2 (PTP4A2) Protein

UniProtKB:

PRL-2 is protein tyrosine phosphatase which stimulates progression from G1 into S phase during mitosis. PRL-2 promotes tumors. PRL-2 inhibits geranylgeranyl transferase type II activity by blocking the association between RABGGTA and RABGGTB.

Genatlas:

• PRL-2 is tyrosine phosphatase, functioning as an oncogene in prostate cancer

Homology for human PRL-2 (PTP4A2)

• homolog to rattus Prl1(regenerattusing liver protein tyrosine phosphatase 1)
• homolog to murine Ptp4a2