Osteoporosis Therapeutic Targets

Protein Name	Alternative Names	BioChemical Class / Role	Products (Cat NO)
			Protein	Antibody	Gene cDNA clones
SRC
Cathepsin K	CTSK, RP11-363I22.4, CTS02, CTSO, CTSO1, CTSO2, MGC23107, PKND, PYCD	Cathepsin K is a protease, which is defined by its high specificity for kinins, that is involved in bone resorption. The enzyme's ability to catabolize elastin, collagen, and gelatin  allow it to break down bone and cartilage. It may play an important role in extracellular matrix degradation.			HG10796-M
IL-6	IL6, BSF2, HGF, HSF, IFNB2	Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that regulates cell growth and differentiation of various tissues, and is known particularly for its role in the immune response and acute phase reactions. IL-6 is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response to trauma, especially burns or other tissue damage leading to inflammation. It is also essential for hybridoma growth and is found in many supplemental cloning media such as briclone.	10395-HNAE	10395-MM02, 10395-RP01, 10395-RP03	HG10395-M, MG50136-M
TNFRSF11B/ Osteoprotegerin	OPG, TR1, OCIF, MGC29565				HG10271-M
Aurora A	AIK,  ARK1,  AURA,  BTAK,  STK6,  STK7,  STK15,  AURORA2,  MGC34538,  AURKA				HG10669-M
PRKAA2/AMPK	AMPK2, PRKAA,				HG10394-M
DYRK2	FLJ21217,  FLJ21365				HG10642-M
DYRK3	RED,  REDK,  DYRK5,  hYAK3-2				HG10726-M
DYRK4	DYRK4				HG10760-M
ERK2	MAPK1, MAPK2, ERK, ERT1, P42MAPK, PRKM1, PRKM2, p38, p40, p41, p41mapk				HG10030-M
ERK3	MAPK4, Erk4, PRKM4, p63MAPK				HG10662-M
ERK5	BMK1, MAPK7, ERK4,  PRKM7				HG10024-M
GRK5	GPRK5				HG10839-M
IRAK4	IPD1, NY-REN-64, REN64				HG10735-M
JAK2	JTK10				HG11198-M
JNK1/MAPK8	JNK, JNK1A2, JNK21B1/2, PRKM8, SAPK1	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), also known as JNK1, is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAPK8 is activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation by either of two dual specificity kinases, MAP2K4 and MAP2K7. MAPK8 is also involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, which is thought to be related to cytochrom c-mediated cell death pathway. In addition, JNK1, together with JNK2, are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells.	10795-H09B		HG10795-M, MG50009-M
JNK2/MAPK9	JNK2A, JNK2ALPHA, JNK2B, JNK2BETA, PRKM9, p54aSAPK, SAPK, p54a, NK-55	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (MAPK9), also well known as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK2), is a member of MAP kinase subfamily belonging to the protein kinase superfamily. MAPK9 responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, such as c-Jun and ATF2. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis.	10745-H08B		HG10745-M
JNK3/MAPK10	FLJ12099, FLJ33785, JNK3A, MGC50974, PRKM10, p493F12, p54bSAPK				HG10626-M
MAP3K2	MEKK2, MEKK2B				HG10712-M
MAP3K3	MAPKKK3, MEKK3				HG10709-M
MAP3K8	RP11-449I17.8, COT, EST, ESTF, FLJ10486, MEKK8, TPL2, Tpl-2, c-COT				HG10800-M
MAP3K13	LZK, MEKK13, MGC133196				HG10634-M
MSK1	RLPK,  MSPK1,  MGC1911				HG10135-M
p38 delta/MAPK13	MGC99536, PRKM13, SAPK4, p38delta	p38 delta/MAPK13 responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Plays a role in the regulation of protein translation by phosphorylating and inactivating EEF2K.			HG10747-M
p38 alpha/MAPK14	p38, CSBP1, CSBP2, Mxi2, PRKM14, PRKM15, RK, CSPB1, SAPK2A, EXIP, RP1-179N16.5	Four alternatively spliced transcript variants of p38 have been reported, p38 alpha (also known as MAPK14) is the best characterized isoform. p38 alpha/MAPK14 is activated following exposure to products of microbial pathogens, physical-chemical stimuli and cytokines. Furthermore, the p38 alpha/MAPK14 has been suggested to play a critical role linking developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis through regulation of Epo expression.	10081-H08B, 10081-H07B, 10646-HNCB		HG10081-M, HG10646-M,
PAK2	PAK65, PAKgamma				HG10085-M
PAK6	PAK5				HG10803-M
PAK7	RP5-1119D9.3, KIAA1264, MGC26232, PAK5				HG10859-M
AKT1	AKT,  PKB,  RAC,  PRKBA,  MGC99656,  PKB-ALPHA,  RAC-ALPHA				HG10763-M, MG50254-M
AKT1S1/PRAS40	Lobe,  PRAS40,  MGC2865				HG10092-M
AKT2	PKBB,  PRKBB,  PKBBETA,  RAC-BETA				HG10764-M
AKT3	DKFZp434N0250, PKB-GAMMA, PKBG, PRKBG, RAC-PK-gamma, RAC-gamma, STK-2	V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3, also known as AKT3 and protein kinase B gamma (PKBγ), is a member of the AKT, also called PKB, serine/threonine protein kinase family. The members of AKT family are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake.This kinase has been shown to be stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1).	10765-H09B		HG10765-M
PKC alpha	PRKCA, AAG6, MGC129900, MGC129901, PKC-alpha, PKCA, PRKACA				HG10026-M
PKC delta	PRKCD, MAY1, MGC49908, PKCD, nPKC-delta				HG10769-M
PKC epsilon	PRKCE, MGC125656, MGC125657, PKCE, nPKC-epsilon				HG10857-M
PKC gamma	PRKCG, MGC57564, PKC-gamma, PKCC, PKCG, SCA14				HG10534-M
RSK2	RPS6KA3, RP11-393H10.3, CLS, HU-3, ISPK-1, MAPKAPK1B, MRX19, RSK, S6K-alpha3, p90-RSK2, pp90RSK2				HG10018-M
RSK3	RPS6KA2, RP1-168L15.2, HU-2, MAPKAPK1C, RSK, RSK3, S6K-alpha, S6K-alpha2, p90-RSK3, pp90RSK3				HG10833-M
RSK4	RPS6KA6, PP90RSK4				HG10147-M
BLK	MGC10442				HG10782-M
LCK	RP4-675E8.4, LSK, YT16, p56lck, pp58lck				HG10043-M
Lyn	FLJ26625, JTK8				HG10829-M
BMX	ETK, PSCTK2, PSCTK3				HG10786-M
BTK	AT, ATK, BPK, XLA, IMD1, AGMX1, PSCTK1, MGC126261, MGC126262				HG10578-M
CDC2	CDK1,  CDC28A,  MGC111195,  DKFZp686L20222,  CDC2				HG10739-M
chk1	CHEK1				HG10539-M, MG50248-M
DAPK3	ZIP,  ZIPK,  FLJ36473				HG10757-M
ILK	P59,  DKFZp686F1765				HG10736-M
ITK	EMT,  LYK,  PSCTK2,  MGC126257,  MGC126258				HG10104-M
LKB1	PJS, STK11,  STK11				HG10670-M
MST2/STK3	KRS1, FLJ90748				HG10640-M
PKR	EIF2AK2, PRKR, EIF2AK1, MGC126524				HG10080-M
PLK1/PLK-1	PLK, STPK13	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1, also known as Polo-like kinase 1, PLK1 and STPK13, is a member of the protein kinase superfamily and CDC5/Polo subfamily. PLK1 is involved in the tumor suppressor p53 related pathways. Thus, PLK1 is being studied as a target for cancer drugs.	10676-H07B		HG10676-M
PLK4/SAK	SAK,  STK18				HG10659-M
PTK6/Brk	FLJ42088	Tyrosine-protein kinase 6 (PTK6), also known as Breast tumor Kinase (BRK), is a Src-like nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to Tyr protein kinase family. In ErbB-Brk-Rac-p38 MAPK pathway, PTK6 is a critical mediator of breast cancer cell migration.  In addition, PTK6 may play a key role in lymphomagenesis, hence identifying the kinase as a potential therapeutic target in lymphomas.	10682-H09B		HG10682-M
SGK1/SGK					HG10543-M, MG50278-M
SRPK2	FLJ36101				HG10633-M
Syk	FLJ25043,  FLJ37489,  DKFZp313N1010				HG10540-M
Axl	UFO, JTK11	AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, also known as AXL, is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) subfamily. This receptor can mediate cell aggregation by homophilic binding. It is also involved in signal transduction from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factors, and thus implicated in the stimulation of cell proliferation. The AXL gene is a chronic myelogenous leukemia-associated oncogene and associated with colon cancer and melanoma.	50126-M03H		HG10279-M, MG50126-M
DDR1	DDR, MCK10, CD167, PTK3A, CAK, DAAP-278B20.1, EDDR1, NEP, NTRK4, PTK3, RTK6, TRKE	DDR1 is a single-pass type I membrane protein, which belongs to the protein kinase superfamily and insulin receptor subfamily. It regulates cell adhesion and a broad range of cell behavior. DDR1 plays an important role as a collagen receptor, mediating intimal thickening after vascular injury.	10730-H08H		HG10730-M
DDR2	NTRKR3, TYRO10, RP11-572K18.1, MIG20a, TKT	DDR2 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and belongs to discoidin-like domain containing subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). DDR2 plays an important role in mediating chondrocyte, hepatic stellate cells and fibroblast migration and proliferation by MMP2–dependent mechanism. Accordingly, aberrant expression of DDR2 is implicated in tumor growth and invasion.	10209-H02H, 10209-HCCH		HG10209-M
EGFR	HER1, ErbB1	A type I transmembrane glycoprotein that binds EGF as well as several other EGF family lagands. Binding of a ligand induces EGFR protein homo- or heterodimerization, the subsequent tyrosine autophosphorylation and initiates various down stream pathways (MAPK, PI3K/PKB and STAT).	10001-H02H,  10001-H08H		HG10001-M
EphB2	ERK, Hek5, Tyro5, CAPB, DRT, EPHT3, MGC87492, PCBC	EphB2 is a member of the transmembrane Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family (RTKs). It is a receptor for members of the ephrin-B family, and acts as a tumor suppressor.It is indicated that aberrant EphB2 expression and activity are implicated in the progression of several cancers.	10762-H03H, 10762-H08H		HG10762-M
EphB4	HTK, MYK1, TYRO11	A single-pass type I membrane protein belonging to the ephrin receptor subfamily of protein kinase superfamily. EphB4 protein has tumor suppressor activities and plays a role in  regulation of cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and invasive potential.	10235-H02H, 10235-H08H, 10235-HCCH	10235-MM03, 10235-MM04, 10235-RM02, 10235-RP01, 10235-RP05	HG10235-M
EphB6	HEP, MGC129910, MGC129911	EphB6 binding to ephrin-B ligands is a unique member in that its kinase domain contains several alterations in conserved amino acids and is catalytically inactive. It is indicated that activated by an Src family kinase, EphB6 can act as both positive and negative regulators in the process of cell adhesion and migration. The reduction of EphB6 gene expression is associated with the progression of metastatic diseases.	10197-H02H, 10197-HCCH		HG10197-M
HER2	ErbB2, NEU, CD340	A type I membrane glycoprotein belonging to the EGF receptor family. Despite of unable to directly bind growth factors, HER2 forms a heterodimer with other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members, helping stabilize ligand binding and enhance kinase-mediated activation of downstream molecules. HER2 can be used in prognosis of numerous carcinomas, including breast, prostate, ovarian, lung cancers and so on.	10004-H02H, 10004-H08H	10004-MM01, 10004-MM02, 10004-RP03	HG10004-M
HER3	ErbB3	A member of the EGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases. HER3 forms heterodimers with other EGFR family members and initiate signaling related to cell proliferation or differentiation. Amplification of HER3 gene and/or overexpression of its protein have been reported in numerous cancers, including prostate, bladder, and breast tumors.	10201-H02H		HG10201-M, MG10589-M
ErbB4	HER4	A receptor tyrosine kinase belong to the EGF receptor subfamily. Lingands of ErbB4 include neuregulins-2 and -3, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and betacellulin. Ligand binding induces a variety of cellular responses, such as mitogenesis and differentiation.	10363-H03H		HG10363-M
FGFR1/CD331	FLT2, KAL2, BFGFR, CEK, FGFBR, FLG, FLJ99988, HBGFR, N-SAM, OGD	FGFR1 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1), also known as fms-related tyrosine kinase-2 (FLT2) and CD331, is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligands are specific members of the fibroblast growth factor family.Defects in FGFR1 are the cause of several deseases, such as Kallmann syndrome type 2 (KAL2), osteoglophonic dysplasia (OGD), as well as Pfeiffer syndrome (PF).	10616-H03H, 10616-H08H		HG10616-M, MG50186-M
FGFR2/CD332	KGFR, ECT1, CFD1, CEK3, BEK, BFR-1, FLJ98662, JWS, K-SAM, TK14, TK25	A member of the FGFR family. Mutations are associated with several medical conditions: Apert syndrome, Antley-Bixler syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, breast cancer and Crouzon syndrome.	10824-H03H, 10824-H08H		HG10824-M
FGFR3	CD333	A member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, of which amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. Defects in the FGFR3 gene has been associated with several conditions: achondroplasia, bladder cancer, thanatophoric dwarfism and   seborrheic keratosis.	50071-M03H, 50071-M08H		MG50071-M
FGFR4	CD334	A member of FGFR family, and preferentially binds aFGF/FGF1. FGFR4 is overexpressed in gynecological tumor samples, suggesting a role in breast and ovarian tumorigenesis.	10538-H02H, 10538-H03H, 50194-M03H, 50194-M08H	50194-RP01, 50194-RP02	HG10538-M, MG50194-M
FLT-3/CD135/FLK-2	RP11-153M24.3, STK1	FL cytokine receptor, also known as tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT3, Stem cell tyrosine kinase 1, STK-1, FLT3 and CD135, is a single-pass type I membrane protein. Signaling through CD135 plays a role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. CD135 is also important for lymphocyte (B cell and T cell) development, but not for the development of other blood cells (myeloid development). Identified as a proto-oncogene, the mutations of FLTS gene are associated with certain carcinomas.	10445-H08H		HG10445-M
HGFR	c-MET	Receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Normal HGF/HGFR signaling is essential for embryonic development, tissue repair or wound healing, whereas aberrantly active HGFR has been strongly implicated in tumorigenesis, particularly in the development of invasive and metastatic phenotypes.	10692-H03H, 10692-H08H		HG10692-M
IGF1R	CD221	A receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in all cell types and tissues. IGF1R is activated through binding to IGF1 and 2 ligands or by the activity of the Src tyrosine kinase, and subsequently initiates an intracellular signaling cascade (MAPK). It is commonly overexpressed in most malignant tissues including breast, prostate, and pancreas, and affects cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, metastasis and survival by mediating the anti-apoptotic pathway.	10164-H08H	10164-MM02, 10164-MM03, 10164-MM04, 10164-RP01	HG10164-M
Insulin Receptor/CD220	HHF5	The insulin receptor (INSR), also known as CD220, is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin. Defects in INSR are the cause of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (Mendenhall syndrome), insulin resistance (Ins resistance), leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome ), and familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia 5 (HHF5). It may also be associated with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).	11081-H08H		HG11081-M
CSF1R	M-CSFR, CD115	A member of the receptor tyrosine kinases that is expressed mainly on cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Ligand binding induces CSF1R homodimerization, and leads to transphosphorylation of specific tyrosine and the subsequent signal transduction. Activated CSF1R exerts actions on multiple intracellular effectors and thus mediates most of the biological effects of the CSF1 cytokine, including cell growth, survival, differentiation and chemotaxis.	10161-H03H, 10161-H08H, 10161-HCCH	10161-MM02, 10161-MM12, 10161-RP01, 10161-RP03	HG10161-M, MG50059-M
MERTK	MER, c-mer, MGC133349, RP38	MERTK is a transmembrane protein, belonging to the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. It seems that Mer plays a critical role in the engulfment and clearance of apoptotic cells, especially the macrophage cells, and accordingly, this receptor is implicated in homeostasis, inflammation, and autoimmune responses, as well as tumorigenesis and malignancy.	10298-H03H, 10298-HCCH		HG10298-M
MSP	HGFL,  NF15S2,  D3F15S2,  DNF15S2,  MST1				HG10406-M
PDGFRA	CD140a	A tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family, probably involved in kidney development.	10556-H02H, 10556-H08H, 10556-HCCH		HG10556-M
PDGFRB	PDGFR-beta, CD140b	A cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family.			HG10514-M
Tie1	TIE, JTK14				HG10509-M
Tie2	TEK, CD202b	A Tyrosine Kinase receptor for the angiopoietins (Ang1, Ang2, Ang3, Ang4).	10700-H03H, 10700-H08H		HG10700-M
TrkA/NTRK1	TRK, TRK1, DKFZp781I14186, MTC, p140-TrkA	TrkA is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor family belonging to Tyr protein kinase superfamily. It plays an important role in cell survival, differentiation, and apoptosis in various neuronal and nonneuronal cell types. It has been shown that TrkA is specially involved in the development and function of the nociceptive reception system and establishment of thermal regulation via sweating.	11073-H03H, 11073-H08H		HG11073-M
TrkB/NTRK2	GP145-TrkB	TrkB is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) family. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor exclusively expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. TrkB has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and mutations in this gene are associated with obesity and mood disorders. Accordingly, BDNF/TrkB signaling is thought to be a potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia.	10047-H03H, 10047-H08H		HG10047-M, MG50132-M
TrkC/NTRK3	gp145(trkC)	TrkC is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) family which mediates the biological activities of neurotrophins. It is a membrane-bound glycoprotein preferentially expressed in the brain, primarily the neural lineages. This protein  leads to cell proliferation, differentiation and play a role in the development of proprioceptive neurons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with medulloblastomas, secretory breast carcinomas and other cancers.	10048-H03H, 10048-H08H, 50320-M08H		HG10048-M, MG50320-M
VEGFR1/FLT-1	FLT1, FLT				HG10136-M
VEGFR2/Flk-1/CD309	KDR, VEGFR	A vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor.	10012-H02H		HG10012-M
VEGFR3/FLT-4	FLT41, LMPH1A, PCL	VEGFR3 (FLT-4), together with the other two members VEGFR1 (FLT-1) and VEGF R2 (KDR/Flk-1) are receptors for vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and belong to the class III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).	10806-H02H, 10806-H08H	10806-MM02, 10806-MM03, 10806-RP01, 10806-RP04	HG10806-M
LTF	LF,  HLF2,  GIG12				HG11096-M