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> ELISA > ELISA Pair Set > Influenza A H5N1 (Avian Flu) HA / Hemagglutinin ELISA Pair Set Influenza A H5N1 (Avian Flu) HA / Hemagglutinin ELISA Pair Set 
| Catalog | Size (Price) | Quantity | In Stock | Operation | Other Information |
| SEK002 |
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Influenza A H5N1 ( Avian Flu ) Hemagglutinin ELISA Pair Set
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Order or Inquire for H5N1 ( Avian Flu ) HA ELISA Pair Set |
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High affinity H5N1 ( Avian Flu ) HA ELISA Pair Set |
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Detection limit - 78 pg/ml |
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Affordable price and 30%-80% cost saving for Bulk order |
- Materials
- Protocol
- Trouble Shooting
- Image & Flash
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No signal |
Incorrect or no Detection Antibody was added |
Add appropriate Detection Antibody and continue |
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Substrate solution was not added |
Add substrate solution and continue |
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Incorrect storage condition |
Check if the kit is stored at recommended condition and used before expiration date |
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Poor Standard Curve |
Standard was incompletely reconstituted or was inappropriately stored |
Aliquot reconstituted standard and store at -70 ℃ |
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Imprecise / inaccurate pipetting |
Check / calibrate pipettes |
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Incubations done at inappropriate temperature, timing or agitation |
Follow the general ELISA protocol |
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Background wells were contaminated |
Avoid cross contamination by using the sealer appropriately |
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Poor detection value |
The concentration of antigen in samples was too low |
Enriching samples to increase the concentration of antigen |
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Samples were ineffective |
Check if the samples are stored at cold environment. Detect samples in timely manner |
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High Background |
Insufficient washes |
Use multichannel pipettes without touching the reagents on the plate |
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Increase cycles of washes and soaking time between washes |
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TMB Substrate Solution was contaminated |
TMB Substrate Solution should be clear and colorless prior to addition to wells |
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Materials were contaminated |
Use clean plates, tubes and pipettes tips |
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Non-specificity |
Samples were contaminated |
Avoid cross contamination of samples |
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The concentration of samples was too high |
Try higher dilution rate of samples |
Problems 
Possible Sources 
Solutions 
Influenza A H5N1 ( Avian Flu ) HA ELISA Pair Set Related Products & Topics
Influenza A H5N1 ( Avian Flu ) HA Background
Influenza (flu) is a viral respiratory infection in mammals and birds. This virus is divided into three main types (A, B and C). Influenza A is found in a wide variety of mammalian and avian species and is associated with the major human pandemics. Influenza B is largely confined to humans and became unexpectedly prevalent in humans during 2000-2002. Influenza C infects humans, dogs and pigs and generally causes only mild upper respiratory tract infection. However, influenza A and B viruses cause a wide spectrum of severe disease including lower respiratory, tract infection, pneumonia and encephalitis. Influenza A is further divided into subtypes based on antigenic differences in the membrane proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). 16 HAs (H1-H16) and 9 NA (N1-N9) had been identified. While different combinations of the two antigens appear more frequently in some groups of birds than others, only few subtypes have established themselves in humans (HA:H1, H2, and H3; NA: N1 and N2).
Sustained, widespread highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 epidemics represent a significant public health hazard because they not only cause mortality in poultry but also increase the risk of a human influenza pandemic. In 1997, the first case of human infected H5N1 was reported in Hongkong, China. Avian influenza have broken the species barrier and made heavy threaten to human health. In the process of epidemic, more than 100 countries had found more than 400 human avian influenza infected cases, within 262 patients dead. Since two human-to-human transmission cases were reported in China, controlling the interspecies transmission of avian influenza is of critical importance. At least 4 major antigenic groups of H5N1 viruses currently in circulation have caused infection in humans. The recent emergence and development of the unique antigenic FJ-like virus (clade 2.3.4) in Asia, the continuous circulation and expansion of Qinghai-like virus (clade 2.2) in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, and the persistent prevalence of clade 2.1 viruses in Indonesia, and classic Clade 1 in Vietnam and Hong Kong.
Hemagglutinin (HA), which binds to sialic acid (SA)-containing receptors on host cells, is the protein that produces neutralizing antibodies. Hemagglutinin plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence because human influenza HA preferentially binds to SA-α-2,6 while avian influenza HA preferentially binds to SA-α-2,3. The cleavage of HA into two disulfide-linked subunits, HA1 and HA2, is a prerequisite for initiating infection. Usually HA is restricted to be cleaved at respiratory tracts by limited proteases. Highly pathogenic avian influenza contains a stretch of basic residues adjacent to the HA cleavage site, enabling its HA to be cleaved by a wide range of proteases with ubiquitous tissue distributions. This process permits productive virus replication in organs outside of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, including the brain, resulting in widespread disease and high mortality rates.
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| Protein : | hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP), matrix protein 1 (M1), nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), nonstructural protein 2 (NS2), influenza antigen (influenza protein) |
| ELISA Kit : | Influenza ELISA Kit |
| Gene : | Influenza Gene / Influenza cDNA Clone |
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| H1N1-NA | H5N1-NA | H3N2-NA | H9N2-NA |
