Endothelial Progenitor Cell Markers

Endothelial progenitor cells are a population of cells that circulate in the blood with the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells that make up the lining of blood vessels. Adult endothelial progenitor cells were first to be characterized in 1997 when Asahara and colleagues published that purified CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from adults can differentiate to an endothelial phenotype in vitro. These cells were named "endothelial progenitor cells" (EPCs), showed expression of various endothelial markers, and incorporated into neovessels at sites of ischemia. Endothelial progenitor cells have been found important in tumor growth and are critical for metastasis and the angiogenesis, and present novel therapeutic targets for cancer therapies.

Protein Name	Alternative Names	BioChemical Class / Role	Products (Cat NO)
			Protein	Antibody	Gene cDNA clones
CD31	PECAM-1	A transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by endothelial cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, and certain T cell subsets that plays a key role in removing aged neutrophils, tissue regeneration, neutrophil recruitment in inflammatory responses, transendothelial migration of leukocytes, as well as in cardiovascular development. CD31 is also expressed in certain tumors, including epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, other vascular tumors, and histiocytic malignancies.	10148-H02H 10148-H08H 10148-HCCH	10148-MM01 10148-MM02	HG10148-M
CD34		A single-pass transmembrane sialomucin protein, selectively expressed on hematopoietic progenitor cells and the small vessel endothelium of a variety of tissues. CD34 has been widely used as a stem and progenitor cell marker, and CD34 monoclonal antibodies are widely used to identify and isolate hemopoietic progenitors and to classify acute and chronic leukemias.	10103-H02H 10103-H08H		HG10103-M
CD146	MCAM, MUC18	A Ca2+-independent cell adhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, involved in heterophilic cell interactions. CD146 triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of FYN and PTK2 and subsequently induced signal transduction, proteolysis, or immune recognition. CD146 is also expressed on metastatic lesions and advanced primary tumours, and thus has been suggested to play an important role in tumour progression and metastasis.	10115-H02H 10115-H08H	10115-MM03 10115-MM04 10115-MM05 10115-RP01 10115-RP02	HG10115-M
Tie2	Tie-2, TEK, CD202b	A member of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily, expressed predominantly on endothelial and hematopoietic progenitor cells. Tie2 is essential for blood vessel formation and maintenance. It binds to angiopoietin-1 with high-affinity and induces the signaling pathway of both cell migration and cell survival via the related mediator such as GRB2 and SH-PTP2. Deficiency in TI2 gene is associated with inherited venous malformations.	10700-H03H 10700-H08H		HG10700-M
VE-Cadherin	CD144, CDH5	A classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily with calcium-dependent activity. VE-Cadherin is required for maintaining a restrictive endothelial barrier and indispensable for proper vascular development. It also has a role in maintaining newly formed vessels.	50192-M08H		HG10433-M MG50192-M
VEGFR2	KDR, CD309, Flk1	The receptor for VEGF and VEGFC. VEGFR2 is an early marker for endothelial cell progenitors, whose expression is restricted to endothelial cells in vivo. The adaptor protein SHB has been shown to interact with VEGFR2 in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. In addition, VEGFR2 is able to interact with HIV-1 extracellular Tat protein upon VEGF activation, and seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.	10012-H02H		HG10012-M
VEGFR3/FLT-4	FLT41, LMPH1A, PCL	VEGFR3 (FLT-4), together with the other two members VEGFR1 (FLT-1) and VEGF R2 (KDR/Flk-1) are receptors for vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and belong to the class III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).	10806-H02H 10806-H08H	10806-MM02 10806-MM03 10806-RP01 10806-RP04	HG10806-M