Cancer Therapeutic Targets

Protein Name	Alternative Names	BioChemical Class / Role	Products (Cat NO)
			Protein	Antibody	Gene cDNA clones
Bcl-2		Bcl-2 is the prototype for a family of mammalian genes and the proteins they produce. They govern mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and can be either pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic. There are a total of 25 genes in the Bcl-2 family known to date. The Bcl-2 gene has been implicated in a number of cancers, including breast, melanoma, prostate, and lung carcinomas, as well as autoimmunity and schizophrenia.			HG10195-M
Carbonic Anhydrase II	CA II	Belonging to the family of enzymes that catalyze the rapid conversion of carbonic acid to bicarbonate and protons, a reaction that occurs rather slowly in the absence of a catalyst. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been used in clinical to control diseases, such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, or mountain sickness.			HG10478-M
Neprilysin	CD10,  MME, NEP, CALLA	A zinc-dependent metalloprotease enzyme that degrades a number of small secreted peptides whose abnormal misfolding and aggregation may cause Alzheimer's disease. Aberrantly expressed in some types of cancer, such as metastatic carcinoma and lung cancer. A multifunctional, low/intermediate affinity receptor, which is found on the surface of natural killer cells, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. Mouse CD16 is encoded by a single gene, while human CD16 is expressed as two distinct forms (CD16a and CD16b) encoded by two different highly homologous genes. CD16 is involved in phagocytosis, secretion of enzymes, inflammatory mediators, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and clearance of immune complexes.	10805-H01H, 10805-HNCH, 50218-M07H		HG10805-M, MG50218-M
CD16a	Fc gamma receptor III A	CD16 has been identified as Fc receptors Fc gamma RIIIa (CD16a) and Fc gamma RIIIb (CD16b). As an inflammatory mediator, CD16a is involved in phagocytosis, secretion of enzymes, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), mast cell degranulation, and clearance of immune complexes. Aberrant expression or mutations in this gene are implicated in susceptibility to recurrent viral infections, systemic lupus erythematosus, and alloimmune neonatal neutropenia.	10389-H08H	10389-MM01, 10389-MM02, 10389-MM03	HG10389-M
CD16b	Fc gamma receptor III B	A multifunctional, low/intermediate affinity receptor, which is found on the surface of natural killer cells, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. Mouse CD16 is encoded by a single gene, while human CD16 is expressed as two distinct forms (CD16a and CD16b) encoded by two different highly homologous genes. CD16 is involved in phagocytosis, secretion of enzymes, inflammatory mediators, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and clearance of immune complexes.	HG11046-M	11046-H08H	11046-RP01
CD95	Fas,APO-1,TNFRSF6	A member of the TNF receptor superfamily, expressed on the surface of a number of cell types including epithelial cells, hepatocytes, activated mature lymphocytes and tumor cells. CD95 has been reported to be involved in the activation of NF-kappaB, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK8/JNK, and the alternate pathways for CTL-mediated cytotoxicity. This protein is implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies and diseases of the immune system.	10217-H02H		HG10217-M, MG50027-M
CSF1R	M-CSFR, CD115	A member of the receptor tyrosine kinases that is expressed mainly on cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Ligand binding induces CSF1R homodimerization, and leads to transphosphorylation of specific tyrosine and the subsequent signal transduction. Activated CSF1R exerts actions on multiple intracellular effectors and thus mediates most of the biological effects of the CSF1 cytokine, including cell growth, survival, differentiation and chemotaxis.	10161-H03H, 10161-H08H, 10161-HCCH	10161-MM02, 10161-MM12, 10161-RP01, 10161-RP03	HG10161-M, MG50059-M
DPPIV	DPP4, CD26, ADABP, ADCP2, TP103	Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV  is a highly conserved type II integral membrane protein associated with immune regulation, signal transduction and apoptosis. Elevated expression of DPPIV is associated with autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The levels of DPPIV soluble form in serum and body fluids have clinical significance in patients with cancer, liver, kidney diseases and depression.	10688-H01H, 10688-HNCH		HG10688-M
EGFR	HER1, ErbB1	A type I transmembrane glycoprotein that binds EGF as well as several other EGF family lagands. Binding of a ligand induces EGFR protein homo- or heterodimerization, the subsequent tyrosine autophosphorylation and initiates various down stream pathways (MAPK, PI3K/PKB and STAT).	10001-H02H, 10001-H08H		HG10001-M
Flt3	CD135, Flk2	A cytokine receptor expressed on the surface of hematopoietic progenitor cells, used as a cell surface marker to identify certain types of hematopoietic progenitors. CD35 binds to Flt3L and stimulates signaling related to cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutations of this protein can lead to cancer.	10445-H08H		HG10445-M
HER2	ErbB2, NEU, CD340	A typeâ… membrane glycoprotein belonging to the EGF receptor family. Despite of unable to directly bind growth factors, HER2 forms a heterodimer with other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members, helping stabilize ligand binding and enhance kinase-mediated activation of downstream molecules. HER2 can be used in prognosis of numerous carcinomas, including breast, prostate, ovarian, lung cancers and so on.	10004-H02H, 10004-H08H	10004-MM01, 10004-MM02, 10004-RP03	HG10004-M
IGF1R	CD221	A receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in all cell types and tissues. IGF1R is activated through binding to IGF1 and 2 ligands or by the activity of the Src tyrosine kinase, and subsequently initiates an intracellular signaling cascade (MAPK). It is commonly overexpressed in most malignant tissues including breast, prostate, and pancreas, and affects cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, metastasis and survival by mediating the anti-apoptotic pathway.	10164-H08H	10164-MM02, 10164-MM03, 10164-MM04, 10164-RP01	HG10164-M
PARP-1	ADPRT	Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 is a chromatin-associated enzyme which modifies various nuclear proteins by poly ADP-ribosylation. PARP-1 is involved in differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation, as well as recovery from DNA damage. It may participate in the pathophysiology of type I diabetes.	11040-H08B		HG11040-M
PDGFRB	CD140b	The beta-type receptor for the platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs).	10514-H08H		HG10514-M
Renin	angiotensinogenase	An enzyme participating in the body's renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that mediates extracellular volume and arterial vasoconstriction, and thus regulates the body's mean arterial blood pressure. Renin inhibitors can be used for the treatment of hypertension.	10969-H08H		HG10969-M
Src		A tyrosine-protein kinase whose activity can be inhibited by phosphorylation by c-SRC kinase. Mutations in Src gene could be involved in the malignant progression of colon cancer.			HG10755-M, MG50311-M
STAT3		Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, a transcription factor belonging to the STAT protein family. STAT3 mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis.			HG10034-M
VEGF		Vascular endothelial growth factor. The normal function of VEGF is to create new blood vessels during embryonic development, new blood vessels after injury, muscle following exercise, and new vessels to bypass blocked vessels, as well as to increase microvascular permeability. Overexpression can contribute to diseases. Anti-VEGF therapies are important in the treatment of certain cancers and in age-related macular degeneration.	11066-HNAB		HG10008-M HG10009-M HG10010-M HG11066-M
VEGFR1/Flt1		Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1			HG10136-M
VEGFR2	KDR, CD309, Flk1	The receptor for VEGF and VEGFC. VEGFR2 is an early marker for endothelial cell progenitors, whose expression is restricted to endothelial cells in vivo. The adaptor protein SHB has been shown to interact with VEGFR2 in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. In addition, VEGFR2 is able to interact with HIV-1 extracellular Tat protein upon VEGF activation, and seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.	10012-H02H		HG10012-M
AKT1		A serine-threonine protein kinase that is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival.			HG10763-M, HG10763-M
AKT1S1	PRAS40	Proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1.			HG10092-M
AKT2		A serine-threonine protein kinase containing SH2-like domain. Over-expression of AKT2 contributes to the malignant phenotype of a subset of human ductal pancreatic cancers. AKT2 may also play a key role in signal transduction downstream of the insulin receptor.			HG10764-M
AKT3	DKFZp434N0250, PKB-gamma, PKBG, PRKBG, RAC-PK-gamma, RAC-gamma, STK-2	V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3, also known as AKT3 and protein kinase B gamma (PKBγ), is a member of the AKT, also called PKB, serine/threonine protein kinase family. The members of AKT family are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake.This kinase has been shown to be stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1).	10765-H09B		HG10765-M
Angiopoietin-1	ANG1	A growth factor that promotes angiogenesis. There are now four identified angiopoietins: Ang1, Ang2, Ang3, Ang4. Ang1 and Ang2 are required for the formation of mature blood vessels, as demonstrated by mouse knock out studies.			HG10441-M, MG50300-M
Angiopoietin-2	ANGPT2, AGPT2, ANG2	A growth factor that promotes angiogenesis. There are now four identified angiopoietins: Ang1, Ang2, Ang3, Ang4. Ang1 and Ang2 are required for the formation of mature blood vessels, as demonstrated by mouse knock out studies.	10691-H02H		HG10691-M, MG50298-M
Cathepsin K	CTSK, CTS02, CTSO, CTSO1, CTSO2, MGC23107, PKND, PYCD	Cathepsin K is a protease, which is defined by its high specificity for kinins, that is involved in bone resorption. The enzyme's ability to catabolize elastin, collagen, and gelatin  allow it to break down bone and cartilage. It may play an important role in extracellular matrix degradation.			HG10796-M
CD40/TNFRSF5	Bp50, CDW40, MGC9013, p50	A member of the TNF receptor superfamily, which plays an essential role in mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation. Defects in CD40 result in hyper-IgM immunodeficiency type 3 (HIGM3). CD40/CD40L interaction is thought to be an early event in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.	10774-H03H, 10774-H08H		HG10774-M
CD122	IL-2RB, RP5-1170K4.6, P70-75	CD122/IL-2RB is a type I membrane protein. It has been revealed that at least two distinct cytoplasmic regions of CD122/IL-2RB are involved in IL2-induced cellular signaling, the "serine-rich" region and the "acidic" region, and therefore lead to distinct pathways that mediate the corresponding nuclear events through tyrosine phosphorylation or other mechanisms.	10696-H02H, 10696-HCCH		HG10696-M
CD127	IL-7R, IL7RA, CDW127, IL-7R-alpha, ILRA	Interleukin 7 Receptor alpha (IL-7RA), also known as CD127, is a 75 kDa hematopoietin receptor superfamily member that plays an important role in lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation, and survival.	10975-H03H, 10975-H08H		HG10975-G
CDK2	p33	CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2), is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family（CDK）of Ser/Thr protein kinases. Some researchers demonstrated an unpredicted participation of CDK2 in the accurate pairing and recombination between homologues during mammalian meiosis. CDK2 was thought to be a crucial regulator of S-phase progression and was evaluated as an anticancer drug target.	10624-H08B		HG10624-M
CDK4		Cyclin-dependent kinase 4, a Ser/Thr protein kinase, which is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. The activity of CDK4 is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). Defects in CDK4 was found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers.			HG10732-M
CDK9	CDC2L4	Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 is a component of protein complex TAK/P-TEFb which is an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription. The activity of CDK9 is regulated by its regulatory subunit cyclin T or cyclin K. CDK9 is possible involved in AIDS and differentiation of skeletal muscle.			HG10907-M
CTLA4	CD152	A member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which is expressed on the surface of Helper T cells. Binding to CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells, CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. Genetic variations of CTLA4 have been associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Graves disease (GRD), Celiac disease type 3 (CELIAC3) and Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV infection).	11159-H03H, 11159-H08H		HG11159-M
IL-8RB	CXCR2, CD182, CD128b	Interleukin 8 receptor, beta is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. It binds to IL-8 with high affinity, and regulates the angiogenic effects of IL-8 in intestinal microvascular endothelial cells. It also binds to CXCL1, a protein with melanoma growth stimulating activity. In addition, IL-8RB binds ligands CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL5, and is responsible for mediating neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation.			HG10788-M
eIF4E		A eukaryotic translation initiation factor involved in directing ribosomes to the cap structure of mRNAs.			HG10033-M
HGFR	c-MET	Receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Normal HGF/HGFR signaling is essential for embryonic development, tissue repair or wound healing, whereas aberrantly active HGFR has been strongly implicated in tumorigenesis, particularly in the development of invasive and metastatic phenotypes.	10692-H03H, 10692-H08H		HG10692-M
IL-4R	CD124	IL-4R is a type I transmembrane protein that can bind interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 to regulate IgE antibody  production in B cells. Soluble IL4R (sIL4R) inhibits IL4-mediated cell proliferation and IL5 up-regulation by T-cells. Allelic variations in this gene have been associated with atopy, a condition that can manifest itself as allergic rhinitis, sinusitus, asthma, or eczema.	10402-H08H	10402-RP01	HG10402-M
JNK1/MAPK8	JNK, JNK1A2, JNK21B1/2, PRKM8, SAPK1	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), also known as JNK1, is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAPK8 is activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation by either of two dual specificity kinases, MAP2K4 and MAP2K7. MAPK8 is also involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, which is thought to be related to cytochrom c-mediated cell death pathway. In addition, JNK1, together with JNK2, are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells.	10795-H09B		HG10795-M, MG50009-M
Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase /LTA4H		As a bifunctional zinc metalloenzyme, LTA4H also exhibits an anion-dependant arginyl aminopeptidase activity of high efficiency and specificity in addition to its epoxide hydrolase activity. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on ether bonds (ether hydrolases). LTA4H participates in arachidonic acid metabolism, and is regarded as a therapeutic target for inflammation.	10276-H08B		HG10276-M, MG50268-M
Mdm2		Mdm2 is an important negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor, which functions both as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes the N-terminal trans-activation domain of the p53 tumor suppressor and an inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activation.			HG11206-M
MIF		Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) may be involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation.			HG10246-M, MG50066-M
MMP-1	CLG, CLGN	MMP1, also well known as interstitial collagenase, is an enzyme expressed by fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages, and can degrade a broad range of substrates, majorly types I, II, III, VII, VIII, and X collagens, as well as casein, gelatin, α-1 antitrypsin, etc. The studies indicated that MMP1 is also involved in the process of HIV infection. It interacts with and cleaves the HIV Tat protein, leading to a decrease in neuronal Tat's mediated neurotoxicity.	10532-H08H		HG10532-M
MMP-2		A member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family that are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. MMP-2 plays a role in endometrial menstrual breakdown, regulation of vascularization and the inflammatory response. Mutations in MMP2 gene have been associated with Torg-Winchester syndrome.			HG10082-M
MMP-3	Stromelysin-1	MMP-3 is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family and is thought to be involved in wound repair, progression of atherosclerosis, and tumor initiation.			HG10467-M
MMP-12		Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) also known as macrophage metalloelastase (MME) or macrophage elastase (ME) is an enzyme that degrades soluble and insoluble elastin.			HG10266-M
MMP-14		A member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. Higher expression of MMP-14 were observed in certain cancer cells. It activates MMP-2 protein, and this activity may be involved in tumor invasion.			HG10741-M
Cadherin 2	CDH2,  N-Cadherin, NCAD, CD325	A calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprising five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Cadherin 2 has been shown to play an essential role in normal neuronal development, including neuronal differentiation and migration, and axon growth and fasciculation. Cadherin 2 is commonly found in cancer cells and provides a mechanism for transendothelial migration.	11039-H08H
Neuropilin-1	NRP1, CD304	A type I transmembrane protein mainly expressed in endothelial cells and tumor cells. Neuropilin-1 is a receptor for two unrelated ligands with disparate activities, vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF 165), an angiogenesis factor, and semaphorin/collapsins, mediators of neuronal guidance. Neuropilin-1 plays versatile roles in angiogenesis, axon guidance, cell survival, migration, and invasion. Overexpression of Neuropilin-1 promotes growth and angiogenesis of tumor, as well as proliferation and chemotaxis of leukemic cells.	10011-H02H		HG10011-M
PDGFRA	PDGFR-alpha, CD140a	A tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family, probably involved in kidney development.	10556-H02H, 10556-H08H, 10556-HCCH		HG10556-M
PLK1/PLK-1	STPK13	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1, also known as Polo-like kinase 1, PLK1 and STPK13, is a member protein kinase superfamily and CDC5/Polo subfamily. Studies have shown that the loss of PLK1 expression can induce pro-apoptotic pathways and inhibit growth. Moreover, PLK1 seems to be involved in the tumor suppressor p53 related pathways. Evidence suggests that PLK1 can inhibit transactivation and pro-apoptotic functions of p53 function by physical interaction and phosphorylation.	10676-H07B		HG10676-M
PTPN1	PTP1B	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 is the founding member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which were identified based on their enzymatic activity to catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphate monoesters and amino acid sequence. PTPN1 has been shown to act as a negative regulator of insulin signaling, and plays a role in cell growth control, and cell response to interferon stimulation.			HG10304-M
Raf-1	c-Raf	RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase is a MAP3K and part of the protein kinase cascade in MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathway, which play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration.			HG10657-M, MG50287-M
P70-S6 Kinase 1	RPS6KB1	A member of the ribosomal s6 kinase (RSK) family of serine/threonine kinases. The kinase activity of this protein leads to an increase in protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Overexpression of P70-S6 Kinase 1 is seen in some breast cancer cell lines.			HG10099-M
TGF-beta 1	TGFB	A member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines, synthesized by many cells. TGF-beta 1 is a multifunctional molecule which perform actions in development, as well as in controlling the immune system.	10804-H08H, 10804-HNAH		HG10804-M
TGF-beta 2		Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) is known to suppress the effects of interleukin dependent T-cell tumors.			HG10382-M, MG50153-M
TGF-beta 3		Transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-beta 3) is thought to be involved in cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix formation during the process of palate development. Defects in TGF-beta 3 causes a deformity known as a cleft palate. It also plays an essential role in controlling the development of lungs in mammals and controls wound healing.			HG10434-M
TRAIL R1	TNFRSF10A, CD261	A member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. TRAILR2 is activated by TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TNFSF10/TRAIL), and transduces cell death signal and induces cell apoptosis.	10408-H03H		HG10408-M
TRAIL R2	TNFRSF10B, CD262	A member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. TRAILR2 can be activated by TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TNFSF10/TRAIL/APO-2L), and transduces apoptosis signal.	10465-H03H, 10465-H08H		HG10465-M
TrkA	NTRK1	A member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor family belonging to Tyrosine protein kinase superfamily, which also includes TrkB and TrkC. TrkA exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomeric (low affinity) and dimeric (high affinity) structures, and is required for high-affinity binding to NGF, neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4/5 but not BDNF. It plays an important role in cell survival, differentiation, and apoptosis in various neuronal and nonneuronal cell types.	11073-H03H, 11073-H08H	11073-MM04, 11073-MM09, 11073-RP01, 11073-RP02	HG11073-M
Urokinase	PLAU	A serine protease involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and possibly tumor cell migration and proliferation. PLAU is a potent marker of invasion and metastasis in a variety of human cancers associated with breast, stomach, colon, bladder, ovary, brain and endometrium. A specific polymorphism in PLAU gene is implicated in late-onset Alzheimer disease and also with decreased affinity for fibrin-binding.	10815-H08H	10815-MM01, 10815-MM02, 10815-MM03	HG10815-M
XIAP	BIRC4	X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of proteins. XIAP stops apoptotic cell death induced either by viral infection or by overproduction of caspases. Deregulation of XIAP can result in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmunity. High proportions of XIAP may function as a tumor marker.	10606-H17E		HG10606-M

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