CD39 (ENTPD1)

CD39, also known as ENTPD1, belongs to the GDA1/CD39 NTPase family. It is expressed primarily on activated lymphoid cells and can also be detected in endothelial tissues. The vascular isoform and the placental isoform II are present in both placenta and umbilical vein, whereas placental isoform I is present in placenta only. CD39 can hydrolyze both nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. It is the dominant ecto nucleotidase of vascular and placental trophoblastic tissues and appears to modulate the functional expression of type 2 purinergic (P2) G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). CD39 transgenic mice exhibit impaired platelet aggregation, prolonged bleeding times, and resistance to systemic thromboembolism. There is a correlation between ATP hydrolysis and triglycerides in patients with chronic heart disease, suggesting a relationship between ATP diphosphohydrolase and thrombogenesis. In the nervous system, CD39 could hydrolyze ATP and other nucleotides to regulate purinergic neurotransmission.

CD39 (ENTPD1) Related Areas

Enzyme>>Other >> CD39 / ENTPD1

CD39 (ENTPD1) Alternative Names

ATPDase, CD39, NTPDase-1, CD39 antigen, NTPDase 1, ecto-ATP diphosphohydrolase 1, ecto-ATPDase 1, ecto-ATPase 1, ecto-apyrase,0 lymphoid cell activation antigen [Homo sapiens]

Cd39, NTPDase-1, CD39 antigen, NTPDase 1, ecto-ATP diphosphohydrolase 1, ecto-ATPDase 1, ecto-ATPase 1, ecto-apyrase; ectoapyrase, lymphoid cell activation antigen [Mus musculus]

Summaries for CD39 (ENTPD1)

Wikipedia summary for CD39 (ENTPD1):

Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1) also known as CD39 (Cluster of Differentiation 39), is a human gene.

Human CD39 (ENTPD1) Protein General Information

 

• Protein names: Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1
  Short name=ENTPD1
  Lymphoid cell activation antigen
  CD_antigen=CD39
• Sequence length: 510 AA.
• Domain: Transmembrane
  Transmembrane helix
• Sequence similarities: Belongs to the GDA1/CD39 NTPase family.
• Post-translational modification: The N-terminus is blocked.
  Palmitoylated in the N-terminal part.
• Subunit structure: Homodimer; disulfide-linked.
• Subcellular location: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
• Tissue specificity: Expressed primarily on activated lymphoid cells. Also expressed in endothelial tissues. The vascular isoform and the placental isoform II are present in both placenta and umbilical vein, whereas placental isoform I is present in placenta only.
• Catalytic activity: ATP + 2 H₂O = AMP + 2 phosphate.
• pH dependence:
  Optimum pH is 7.0-7.5 with ATP as substrate, and 7.5-8.0 with ADP as substrate.
• Cofactor: Calcium.
  Magnesium.

General information above from UniProt

Function for CD39 (ENTPD1) Protein

UniProtKB:

In the nervous system, CD39 could hydrolyze ATP and other nucleotides to regulate purinergic neurotransmission. CD39 could also be implicated in the prevention of platelet aggregation. CD39 hydrolyzes ATP and ADP equally well.

Genatlas:

• CD39 is ectoenzyme that degrades ATP to AMP
• CD39 modulates P2 receptor signaling by controlling nucleotides concentrations at the cell surface
• CD39 is ecto-nucleotidase influencing P2 receptor activation to regulate vascular and immune cell adhesion and signaling events pivotal in inflammation
• CD39 regulates purinergic receptor signaling by controlling the levels of extracellular nucleotides
• CD39 has a role in thromboregulation (through its localization in cholesterol-rich domains of the membrane)
• By hydrolyzing ATP and ADP to AMP,CD39 regulates ligand availability to a large family of P2 (purinergic) receptors (Friedman 2007)
• CD39 is vascular protective factor in diabetic nephropathy that modulates glomerular inflammation and thromboregulation (Friedman 2007)
• CD39 controls IL8 production by human neutrophils via the regulation of P2Y(2) activation

Homology for human CD39 (ENTPD1)

• homolog to rattus brain E type ecto ATPase