CCL3

CCL3 is a cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. Chemokines are a family of structurally related leukocyte chemoattractant cytokines that play a central role during immunoregulatory and inflammation processes. All chemokines contain four conserved cysteines linked by disulfide bonds, and two major subfamilies, namely CXC and CC, are defined on the basis of the first two cysteines which are separated by one amino acid or are adjacent. CCL3 is involved in the acute inflammatory state in the recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

CCL3 Alternative Names

G0S19-1, LD78ALPHA, MIP-1-alpha, MIP1A, SCYA3, C-C motif chemokine 3, G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 19-1, PAT 464.1, SIS-beta, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha, small inducible cytokine A3 (homologous to mouse Mip-1a), tonsillar lymphocyte LD78 alpha protein [Homo sapiens]

RP23-320E6.7, AI323804, G0S19-1, LD78alpha, MIP-1alpha, MIP1-(a), MIP1-alpha, Mip1a, Scya3, C-C motif chemokine 3, L2G25B, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1-alpha, MIP1 (a), SIS-alpha, TY-5, heparin-binding chemotaxis protein, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, small inducible cytokine A3, small-inducible cytokine A3 [Mus musculus]

Summaries for CCL3

Entrez Gene summary for CCL3:

This locus represents a small inducible cytokine. The encoded protein, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, plays a role in inflammatory responses through binding to the receptors CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5. Polymorphisms at this locus may be associated with both resistance and susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

OMIM - description for CCL3:

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 is a so-called monokine that is involved in the acute inflammatory state in the recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Wolpe et al., 1988). Sherry et al. (1988) demonstrated 2 protein components of MIP1, called by them alpha and beta.

Wikipedia summary for CCL3:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL3 gene. CCL3, also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), is a cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is involved in the acute inflammatory state in the recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Wolpe et al., 1988). Sherry et al. (1988) demonstrated 2 protein components of MIP1, called by them alpha and beta.[supplied by OMIM]

Human CCL3 Protein General Information

 

• Protein names: C-C motif chemokine 3
  Short name=CCL3
• Sequence length: 92 AA.
• Domain: Signal
• Sequence similarities: Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.
• Post-translational modification: N-terminal processed form LD78-alpha(4-69) is produced by proteolytic cleavage after secretion from HTLV1-transformed T-cells.
• Subunit structure: Self-associates. Also heterodimer of MIP-1-alpha(4-69) and MIP-1-beta(3-69).
• Subcellular location: Secreted.
• Induction: By TPA or PHA (TPA = 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13 acetate (tumor promoter); PHA = phytohemagglutinin (T-cell mitogen)).

General information above from UniProt

Function for CCL3 Protein

UniProtKB:

CCL3 is monokine with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties. CCL3 binds to CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5. CCL3 is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant MIP-1-alpha induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).

Genatlas:

• CCL3 is monocyte, chemoattractant, activated T cell and dendritic cell
• CCL3 is involved in cytoskeletal regulation
• CCL3 is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells
• CCL3 plays a role as an important mediator of virus-induced inflammation
• CCL3 plays a role in eosinophil recruitment in inflammatory states such as occurs in the asthmatic lung
• CCL3 inhibits stem cell proliferation
• CCL3 contributes to intracellular signaling and other chemokine receptor function
• CCL3/CCR1 axis may have a role in the spread of tumoral cells to the lymph nodes and also in the local host defense against the tumor
• with CCL4, CCL3 may directly or indirectly affect neuronal excitability, and are implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy
• CCL3's expression not only reduces viral pathogenicity but also enhances immunogenicity by recruiting dendritic cells and B cells to the site of immunization, the lymph nodes, and the blood

Homology for human CCL3

• homolog to murine CCL3 (see IMC1@)
• homolog to Drosophila eg:bacr25b3.3
• homolog to C.elegans C06e4.2
• paralog to CCL3L1

Phenotype Information for CCL3

• Gene/Locus: CCL3, SCYA3, MIP1A
• Phenotype: {HIV infection, resistance to}

Phenotype Information for CCL3 from OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man)