Alkaline Phosphatase

Alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids. The process of removing the phosphate group is called dephosphorylation. As the name suggests, alkaline phosphatases are most effective in an alkaline environment. It is sometimes used synonymously as basic phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatases (APs) are ubiquitous in many species, from bacteria to human. Four genes encode AP isoenzymes in humans and rodents. Three AP genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner (i.e., placental, embryonic, and intestinal AP isoenzymes). Expression of the fourth AP gene is nonspecific to a single tissue and is especially abundant in bone, liver, and kidney. This isoenzyme is also called tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). The enzyme tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) belongs to the ectophosphatase family. TNAP is present in large amounts in bone in which it plays a role in mineralization.

Alkaline Phosphatase Related Areas

Enzyme>>Phosphatase & Regulator>>ALPL/TNAP

Signal Transduction>>Phosphatase & Regulator>>ALPL/TNAP

Stem Cell>>Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)>>Osteoblast & Osteoclast Marker>>ALPL/TNAP

Stem Cell>>Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC)>>Embryonic Stem Cell Marker>>ALPL/TNAP

Alkaline Phosphatase Alternative Names

Alkaline Phosphatase, ALPL, TNAP, AP-TNAP, FLJ40094, FLJ93059, HOPS, MGC161443, MGC167935, TNSALP [Homo sapiens]

Alkaline Phosphatase, Alpl, TNAP, AP-TNAP, RP23-277N22.4, Akp-2, Akp2, TNSALP [Mus musculus]

Summaries for Alkaline Phosphatase

Entrez Gene summary for Alkaline Phosphatase:

OMIM - description for Alkaline Phosphatase:

Alkaline phosphatases are membrane-bound glycoproteins that hydrolyze various monophosphate esters at a high pH optimum (Weiss et al., 1986). Liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase, also known as tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, acts physiologically as a lipid-anchored phosphoethanolamine (PEA) and pyridoxal-5-prime-phosphate (PLP) ectophosphatase (Fedde and Whyte, 1990). See ALPQTL1 (171720) for information on quantitative trait loci influencing the plasma level of alkaline phosphatase.

Wikipedia summary for Alkaline Phosphatase:

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, ALKP) (EC 3.1.3.1) is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids. The process of removing the phosphate group is called dephosphorylation. As the name suggests, alkaline phosphatases are most effective in an alkaline environment. It is sometimes used synonymously as basic phosphatase.

Human Alkaline Phosphatase Protein General Information

 

• Protein names: Recommended name: Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase Short name=IAP Short name=Intestinal alkaline phosphatase
• Sequence length: 528 AA.
• Domain: Signal Transmembrane
• Sequence similarities: Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family.
• Cofactor: Binds 1 magnesium ion By similarity. Binds 2 zinc ions
• Subunit structure: Homodimer.
• Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor › GPI-anchor.
• Miscellaneous: In most mammals there are four different isozymes: placental, placental-like, intestinal and tissue non-specific (liver/bone/kidney).

General information above from UniProt

Function for Alkaline Phosphatase Protein

UniProtKB:

Genatlas:

Phenotype Information for Alkaline Phosphatase

• Gene/Locus: Alkaline phosphatase, plasma level of, QTL 2
• Phenotype: {Alkaline phosphatase, plasma level of, QTL 2}

Phenotype Information for Alkaline Phosphatase from OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man)

Drugs for Alkaline Phosphatase

Target	Drug Name	Disease	Drug Status
Alkaline Phosphatase	Levamisole	Colon Cancer	Approved
Alkaline Phosphatase	IAP Antagonist	Cancer	Phase I

Drugs for Alkaline Phosphatase from TTD (Therapeutic Targets Database)