ALDH1

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 (ALDH1A1), also known as Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), or Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1), is an enzyme that is expressed at high levels in stem cells and that has been suggested to regulate stem cell function. The retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) subfamily of ALDHs, composed of ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, and ALDH8A1, regulate development by catalyzing retinoic acid biosynthesis. The ALDH1 protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenases family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. ALDH1 also belongs to the group of corneal crystallins that help maintain the transparency of the cornea. Increased ALDH1 activity has been found in the stem cell populations of leukemia and some solid tumors. In tumor specimens, increased ALDH1 immunopositivity was found not only in secretory type cancer epithelial cells but also in neuroendocrine tumor populations. ALDH1 has been identified as a reliable marker of breast cancer stem cells. ALDH1 expression in primary cancer is an independent prognostic factor in node-positive breast cancer patients. ALDH1A1 plays a key role in normal hematopoiesis, and as a TLX1 transcriptional target, ALDH1 may contribute to the ability of this homeoprotein to alter cell fate and induce tumor growth.

ALDH1 Related Areas

Alcohol Metabolism>>ALDH1A1/ALDH1

ALDH1 Alternative Names

ALDH1A1, ALDH1, RALDH1, ALDH-E1, ALHDII, RP11-151D14.2, ALDC, ALDH11, MGC2318, PUMB1, ALDH class 1, RALDH 1 [Homo sapiens]

Aldh1a 1, Aldh1, Raldh1, ALDH-E1, ALHDII, Aldh1a2, Ahd-2, Ahd2, E1 [Mus musculus]

Summaries for ALDH1

Entrez Gene summary for ALDH1:

The protein encoded by this ALDH1 gene belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the next enzyme after alcohol dehydrogenase in the major pathway of alcohol metabolism. There are two major aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in the liver, cytosolic and mitochondrial, which are encoded by distinct genes, and can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobility, kinetic properties, and subcellular localization. This ALDH1 gene encodes the cytosolic isozyme. Studies in mice show that through its role in retinol metabolism, this gene may also be involved in the regulation of the metabolic responses to high-fat diet. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

OMIM - description for ALDH1:

The ALDH1 gene encodes a liver cytosolic isoform of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3), an enzyme involved in the major pathway of alcohol metabolism after alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, see 103700). See also liver mitochondrial ALDH2 (100650), variation in which has been implicated in different responses to alcohol ingestion.
ALDH1 is associated with a low Km for NAD, a high Km for acetaldehyde, and is strongly inactivated by disulfiram. ALDH2 is associated with a high Km for NAD, and low Km for acetaldehyde, and is insensitive to inhibition by disulfiram (Hsu et al., 1985).

Wikipedia summary for ALDH1:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 also known as ALDH1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH1A1 gene.

Human ALDH1 Protein General Information

 

• Protein names: Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Short name=RALDH 1
• Sequence length: 501 AA.
• Catalytic activity: Retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH.
• Sequence similarities: ALDH1 belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
• Pathway: Cofactor metabolism; retinol metabolism.
• Subunit structure: Homotetramer.
• Subcellular location: Cytoplasm.

General information above from UniProt

Function for ALDH1 Protein

UniProtKB:

ALDH1 binds free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. ALDH1 can convert/oxidize retinaldehyde to retinoic acid.

Genatlas:

• ALDH1 is oxidating retinal and a variety of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes
• ALDH1 catalyzes retinoic acid synthesis in dorsal retina
• ALDH1 plays a critical role in protection against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in lens epithelial cells
• ALDH1 is important for multiple biological activities including drug resistance, cell differentiation, and oxidative stress response
• ALDH1 confers the stemness properties to normal and cancer stem cells

Homology for human ALDH1

• paralog to ALDH1A3
• paralog to ALDH1A2
• homolog to ALDH1B1